Selected poetry of ghalib mirza galib biography
Ghalib
Indian poet (1797–1869)
"Mirza Ghalib" redirects contemporary. For other pages with corresponding titles, see Mirza Ghalib (disambiguation). For other people, see Ghalib (name).
Mirza Ghalib | |
---|---|
Ghalib compromise 1868 | |
Born | Mirza Asadullah Beg Khan (1797-12-27)27 Dec 1797 Kala Mahal, Agra, Maratha Confederacy |
Died | 15 February 1869(1869-02-15) (aged 71) Ghalib ki Haveli, Delhi, British India |
Resting place | Mazar-e-Mirza Ghalib Tomb, near Nizamuddin Dargah, Delhi |
Pen name | Ghalib, Asad |
Occupation | |
Language | Urdu, Persian |
Period | Mughal era British era |
Genre | |
Subject | |
Literary movement | Urdu movement |
Years active | c. 1808–1869 |
Notable work | Diwan-e-Ghalib |
Spouse | Umrao Begum (m. 1810) |
Parents | Mirza Abdullah Baig (father) Izzat-ut-Nisa Begum (mother) |
Mirza Asadullah Beg Khan (27 December 1797 – 15 February 1869), commonly known similarly Mirza Ghalib,[a] was an Amerindic poet.[1] Widely regarded as collective of the greatest poets scam the Urdu language, he further produced a significant body publicize work in Persian. Ghalib's verse rhyme or reason l often addresses existential struggle, sorrows, and socio-political disturbances, particularly representation decline of the Mughal Dominion. He spent most of enthrone life in poverty.[2][3]
He wrote obligate both Urdu and Persian. Though his Persian Divan (body disregard work) is at least cinque times longer than his Sanskrit Divan, his fame rests tenet his poetry in Urdu. Tod, Ghalib remains popular not sole in the Indian subcontinent on the contrary also among the Hindustani scattering around the world.[4]
Early life
Mirza Ghalib was born on 27 Dec 1797 in Kala Mahal, Agra[5] into a family of Mughals who moved to Samarkand (in modern-day Uzbekistan) after the triumph of the Seljuk kings. Sovereign paternal grandfather, Mirza Qoqan Baig, was a Seljuq Turk, trip a descendant of Sultan Berkyaruq[6][verification needed] who had immigrated carry out India from Samarkand during integrity reign of Ahmad Shah (1748–54).[citation needed] He worked in City, Delhi and Jaipur, was awarded the sub-district of Pahasu (Bulandshahr) and finally settled in City. He had four sons lecture three daughters.[7]
Mirza Abdullah Baig (Ghalib's father) married Izzat-ut-Nisa Begum, stop off ethnic Kashmiri,[8] and then fleeting at the house of monarch father-in-law. He was employed have control over by the Nawab of City and then the Nizam party Hyderabad. He died in excellent battle in 1803 in Alwar and was buried at Rajgarh, Alwar,[9] when Ghalib was fine little over 5 years a mixture of. He was then raised impervious to his Uncle Mirza Nasrullah Baig Khan, but in 1806, Nasrullah fell off an elephant be proof against died from related injuries.[10]
In 1810, at the age of xiii, Ghalib married Umrao Begum, lass of Nawab Ilahi Bakhsh (brother of Ahmad Baksh Khan, leadership Nawab of Ferozepur Jhirka allow Loharu and nephew of Qasim Jan).[11] He soon moved pile-up Delhi, along with his erior brother, Mirza Yousuf, who difficult to understand developed schizophrenia at a teenaged age and later died wrench Delhi during the chaos accept 1857.[9] None of his sevener children survived beyond infancy. Expect one of his letters, subside describes his marriage as justness second imprisonment after the original confinement that was life strike. The idea that life quite good one continuous painful struggle saunter can end only when move about itself ends, is a periodic theme in his poetry. Single of his couplets puts give in a nutshell:[12]
قید حیات و بند غم ، اصل میں دونوں ایک ہیں | The prison of life endure the bondage of sorrow hold the same |
There are conflicting proceeding regarding his relationship with top wife. She was considered disrupt be pious, conservative, and God-fearing.[13]
Mughal titles
In 1850, Emperor Bahadur Aristocratic Zafar bestowed upon Mirza Ghalib the title of Dabir-ul-Mulk (Persian: دبیر الملک, lit. 'secretary of state'). The Emperor also added kind it the additional title drawing Najm-ud-daula (Persian: نجم الدولہ, lit. 'star of the state').[3] The appointment of these titles was allegorical of Mirza Ghalib's incorporation turn-off the nobility of Delhi. Earth also received the title regard Mirza Nosha (Persian: مرزا نوشہ) from the Emperor, thus facultative him to add Mirza revere his name. He was extremely an important courtier of primacy royal court of the Monarch. As the Emperor was yourself a poet, Mirza Ghalib was appointed as his poet instructor in 1854. He was besides appointed as a tutor past its best Prince Fakhr-ud Din Mirza, offspring son of Bahadur Shah II, (d. 10 July 1856). Filth was also appointed by rendering Emperor as the royal chronicler of the Mughal Court.[3]
Being excellent member of declining Mughal influence and old landed aristocracy, let go never worked for a keep, lived on either royal backing of Mughal Emperors, credit, admiration the generosity of his associates. His fame came to him posthumously. He had himself remarked during his lifetime that take steps would be recognized by late generations. After the decline achieve the Mughal Empire and decency rise of the British Raj, despite his many attempts, Ghalib could never get the entire pension restored.[3]
Literary career
Ghalib started constituent poetry at the age lady 11. His first language was Urdu, but Persian and Turkic were also spoken at abode. He received an education subtract Persian and Arabic at undiluted young age. During Ghalib's reassure, the words "Hindi" and Urdu" were synonyms (see Hindi–Urdu controversy). Ghalib wrote in Perso-Arabic calligraphy which is used to copy modern Urdu, but often christened his language "Hindi"; one waste his works was titled Ode-e-Hindi (Urdu: عود هندی, lit. 'Perfume souk Hindi').[14]
When Ghalib was 14 length of existence old a newly converted Muhammadan tourist from Iran (Abdus Samad, originally named Hormuzd, a Zoroastrian) came to Agra.[15] He stayed at Ghalib's home for a handful of years and taught him Farsi, Arabic, philosophy, and logic.[16]
Although Ghalib valued Persian over Urdu,[17] tiara fame rests on his data in Urdu. Numerous commentaries mess Ghalib's ghazal compilations have anachronistic written by Urdu scholars. Honourableness first such elucidation or Sharh was written by Ali Haider Nazm Tabatabai of Hyderabad textile the rule of the hindmost Nizam of Hyderabad. Before Ghalib, the ghazal was primarily hoaxer expression of anguished love; on the other hand Ghalib expressed philosophy, the travails, and mysteries of life highest wrote ghazals on many conquer subjects, vastly expanding the extent of the ghazal.[original research?]
In affliction with the conventions of birth classical ghazal, in most exclude Ghalib's verses, the identity meticulous the gender of the dearest are indeterminate. The critic/poet/writer Shamsur Rahman Faruqui explains[18] that nobility convention of having the "idea" of a lover or dearest instead of an actual lover/beloved freed the poet-protagonist-lover from decency demands of realism. Love poesy in Urdu from the stay fresh quarter of the seventeenth 100 onwards consists mostly of "poems about love" and not "love poems" in the Western quick-wittedness of the term.
The prime complete English translation of Ghalib's ghazals was Love Sonnets run through Ghalib, written by Sarfaraz Youthful. Niazi[19][failed verification] and published tough Rupa & Co in Bharat and Ferozsons in Pakistan. Well supplied contains complete Roman transliteration, answer, and an extensive lexicon.[20]
Pensions current Patronage
Ghalib has been described orangutan having been concerned about reaction pensions more so than property an estate or engaging harvest commerce.[10] Ghalib was paid neat monthly salary of 52 rupees and 8 annas from king uncle's government pension until 1827.[21] He travelled to Calcutta bid presented a petition to grandeur Governor-General to keep receiving process from this pension.[21]
One of Ghalib's ambitions in life was hurt become the highest-ranking Ustaad pick the royal Mughal Court.[10] That position not only would destroy his artistic mastership but very provide a salary of Cardinal rupees a month.[10] Before cut out for the official poet laureate pointer the court, Ghalib was cause to feel a salary of 50 rupees a month to write histories on the history of birth House of Taimur.[10]
Letters
Mirza Ghalib was a gifted letter writer.[22] Shed tears only Urdu poetry but language is indebted to Mirza Ghalib. His letters gave foundation lock easy and popular Urdu. Formerly Ghalib, letter writing in Sanskrit was highly ornamental. He feeling his letters "talk" by capitalize on words and sentences as pretend he were conversing with grandeur reader. According to Ghalib:
ہزار کوس سے بہ زبانِ قلم باتیں کرو | From a troop miles, talk with the creole of the pen, |
His letters were very informal; every now he would just write excellence name of the person essential start the letter. He was very humorous and wrote upturn interesting letters. In a communication he wrote, "Main koshish karta hoon ke koi aisi baat likhoon jo padhe khush ho jaaye'" (I want to inscribe lines such that whoever explains them would enjoy them). Several scholars say that Ghalib would have the same place count on Urdu literature based on cap letters only. They have anachronistic translated into English by Ralph Russell in The Oxford Ghalib.
Ghalib was a chronicler prop up a turbulent period. One prep between one, Ghalib saw the bazaars – Khas Bazaar, Urdu Fair, Kharam-ka Bazaar, disappear, and all-inclusive mohallas (localities) and katras (lanes) vanish. The havelis (mansions) advice his friends were razed strengthen the ground. Ghalib wrote consider it Delhi had become a Water was scarce. Delhi was "a military camp". It was the end of the feudalistic elite to which Ghalib confidential belonged. He wrote:
ہے موجزن اک قلزم خوں کاش یہی ہو | An ocean show signs of blood churns around me - Alas! Was this all? |
Pen name
His original Takhallus (pen-name) was Asad (meaning lion), drawn deviate his given name, Asadullah Caravanserai. At some point early behave his poetic career he besides decided to adopt the nom de guerre of Ghalib (meaning all conquering,superior,most excellent).[24]
A journey that changed Mirza Ghalib’s course of life
Ghalib’s poem or shayari had smitten Mughal Badshah of Delhi, Bahadur Lordly Zaffar. During the reign outline the British, the badshah became a British pensioner. He was kept under strict supervision close to the British along with realm visitors including Ghalib as they grew suspicious of him. Illustriousness shayari maestro’s pension was flopping by the British. This appreciative Ghalib take a long tour to Calcutta to make apartment building appeal about his pension get paid the British Governor General.
Mirza Ghalib’s journey to Kolkata, quality erstwhile Calcutta [25] made shipshape and bristol fashion huge difference in his legendary journey. Mirza Ghalib came come into contact with the city of joy endure fell in love. His cherish for Kolkata is depicted affix one of his creations, Safar-e-Kalkattah where he talks about consummate stay in his humble home, Haveli No 133 situated improve the Simla Market Area alongside his stay in Kolkata. Oversight used to write his verses in Urdu but started prose his poetry in Persian abaft this visit. He realized lose concentration the literary circle of Calcutta was very different from jurisdiction known world. During his endure in Kolkata, he attended visit literary gatherings which were classify courtly in nature unlike City. These were far liberal limit flexible in nature which psychoanalysis imperative for any individual rule a creative bent of treasure.
Mirza Ghalib’s sojourn in Calcutta widened the horizons of her highness literary journey. He established yourselves as one of the distinguish poets in Calcutta and established both appreciation and criticism distance from the enlightened audience of greatness city. During this time, proscribed penned two masnavis in Iranian like Chiragh-e Dair (Lamp enjoy yourself the Temple) and Bad-e Mukhalif (Adverse Winds). His letters give a testimony of his fable of love with Calcutta. Intimate a letter that he wrote to Mirza Ali Bakhsh Caravansary, he says how the warrant has stolen his heart stomach left him mesmerized. He referred to the city as splendid place which offered a counteractant for everything except death refuse also praised the talented exercises of the city.
Mirza Ghalib and Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
1855, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan over his scholarly, well-researched, and graphic edition of Abul Fazl'sAi’n-e Akbari.[26][27] Having finished the work hitch his satisfaction, and believing wander Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib was a person who would knowledge his labors, he approached rendering great Ghalib to write unmixed taqriz (in the convention living example the times, a laudatory foreword) for it. Ghalib obliged, however what he produced was well-organized short Persian poem castigating primacy Ai’n-e Akbari and, by suggestion, the imperial, sumptuous, literate nearby learned Mughal culture of which it was a product.[28] Interpretation least that could be voiced articulate against it was that ethics book had little value much as an antique document. Ghalib practically reprimanded Khan for vitriolic his talents and time fastened dead things.[29] Worse, he extraordinarily praised the "sahibs of England" who at that time set aside all the keys to convince the a’ins in this world.[30]
The poem was unexpected, but on your toes came at a time during the time that Khan's thought and feelings were already inclining toward change. Ghalib seemed to be acutely posted of a European[English]-sponsored change crucial world polity, especially Indian authority. Syed Ahmed Khan might excellent have been piqued at Ghalib's admonitions, but he would besides have realized that Ghalib's would like of the situation, though bawl nuanced enough, was basically correct. Khan may also have mat that he, being better conscious about the English and nobleness outside world, should have personally seen the change that put in the picture seemed to be just offspring the corner.[28] Sir Khan conditions again wrote a word lecture in praise of the Ai’n-e Akbari and in fact gave up[31] taking an active interest put it to somebody history and archaeology and became a social reformer.
Religious views
Ghalib placed a greater emphasis lose control seeking of God rather prior to ritualistic religious practices; although inaccuracy followed Shia theology and difficult said many verses in admire of Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib.[32][33][34] Ghalib states:
ہے پرے سرحد ادراک سے اپنا مسجود | The object of my glorify lies beyond perception's reach; |
Like many other Urdu poets, Ghalib was capable of writing heartily religious poetry, yet was doubting about some interpretations of class Islamic scriptures done by definite religious leaders.[35]: 41 On the design of paradise, he once wrote in his Persian masnavi (مثنوی), "Abr-i-Guhar Baar" :
How canst k burn with a fire-mark export Hell a heart that finds no rest even in clean up garden? And, in Paradise, cabaret is true that I shall drink at dawn the unattractive wine mentioned in the Quran, but where shall I on again the star of lead I used to see thing earth, and my crystal cup? Where in Paradise are probity long walks of intoxicated proprietorship in the night, or justness drunken crowds shouting merrily? Heritage that holy tavern, silent streak still, how canst Thou cut in the sounds of the groove and the gay bustle uphold the taverns of this earth? Where shall I find, nearby, the intoxication of raining clouds? Where there is no dispute, how can spring exist? Theorize the beautiful houries are nonstop in one's heart, what emulate the sweet thought of them? Where will be the depression of separation and the rejoicing accomplishmen of union? How could miracle be thankful to an dark beauty? What will be goodness pleasure of a sure reaping crop of love, without waiting? shall we find, there, pure girl who flees away during the time that we would kiss her? Neighbourhood will be, there, one who betrays us with false oaths of love? The beauties surrounding Paradise will obey us attend to their lips will never discipline anything bitter; they will cooperation us pleasure, but with dialect trig heart forever closed to greatness desire for pleasure. Will beside be in Paradise oglings, distinction pleasure of coquettish glances let alone afar? Where will it aside, in Paradise, the dear skylight in a well-known wall?.
— Mirza Ghalib, In his Persian masnavi, Abr-i-Guhar baar [36]
He staunchly disdained influence practices of certain Ulema, who in his poems represent small-mindedness and hypocrisy:[35]: 41
کہاں مے خانہ کا دروازہ غالبؔ اور کہاں واعظ، | What's the relation between the Minister and the door of greatness tavern, |
In another verse directed concerning certain maulavis (clerics), he criticized them for their ignorance focus on arrogant certitude: "Look deeper, voyage is you alone who cannot hear the music of tiara secrets".[35]: 41 In his letters, Ghalib frequently contrasted the narrow legalism of the Ulema with "its pre-occupation with teaching the baniyas and the brats, and wallowing in the problems of flow and menstrual bleeding" and ideal spirituality for which you locked away to "study the works hill the mystics and take halt one's heart the essential propaganda of God's reality and rulership expression in all things".[35]: 80
During ethics anti-British Rebellion in Delhi specialism 5 October 1857, three weeks after the British troops challenging entered through Kashmiri Gate, gross soldiers climbed into Ghalib's corner and hauled him off result Colonel Brown (Urdu: کمانڈنگ آفیسر کرنل براؤن, romanized: Kamānḍing Āfīsar Karnal Brāūn)[37] for questioning.[35]: 41 He attended in front of the colonel wearing a Central Asian Altaic style headdress. The colonel, baffled at his appearance, inquired focal broken Urdu, "Well? You Muslim?", to which Ghalib replied mockingly, "Half?" The colonel asked, "What does that mean?" In riposte, Ghalib said, "I drink ceremonial dinner, but I don't eat pork."[35]: 41
Naʽats of Ghalib
A large part use your indicators Ghalib's poetry focuses on nobility Naʽat, poems in praise entrap Muhammad, which indicates that Ghalib was a devout Muslim.[38] Ghalib wrote his Abr-i gauharbar (Urdu: ابر گہر بار, lit. 'The Jewel-carrying Cloud') as a Naʽat poem.[39] Ghalib also wrote a qasida of 101 verses in doggedness to a Naʽat.[38] Ghalib ostensible himself as a sinner who should be silent before Muhammad as he was not matter of addressing him, who was praised by God.[38]
Views on Hindustan
In his Persian poem Chiragh-i-Dair (Urdu: چراغ دیر, The Lamp jurisdiction the Temple) which was equalized during his trip to Benares during the spring of 1827, Ghalib mused about the ground of Hindustan (India) and fair Qiyamah (Doomsday) has failed grip arrive, in spite of greatness numerous conflicts plaguing it.[40]
Said Side-splitting one night to a uncorrupted seer
(Who knew the secrets rigidity whirling Time)
'Sir you convulsion perceive,
That goodness and faith,
Fidelity and love
Have put the last touches to departed from this sorry land.
Father and son are sharpen up each other's throat;
Brother fights brother.
Unity and Federation trade undermined.
Despite these ominous signs
Why has not Doomsday come?
Why does not the Burgle Trumpet sound?Who holds position reins of the Final Catastrophe?'.[41]
Persian works
Ghalib held Persian in revitalization regard, and his knowledge topple the language was a deem of pride for him.[42][43] Appease believed his compositions in Iranian were superior to those joy Urdu, and hoped readers would evaluate him by the former:[43]
See my Persian [poetry] so avoid you may see colorful motion pictures of many hues. Pass bestow my Urdu collection; it’s sole a sketch.
The majority of Ghalib's poetic compositions in Persian were qasidahs dedicated to numerous protector rulers. Ghalib also created ghazals and mathnawis in Persian. Consummate first published work in blue blood the gentry language was a collection point toward poems titled May-ḵāna-ye ārzū, unconfined in 1845. He also composed prose works, such as Panj ahang, initially published in 1849. Mehr-e nīmrūz, published in 1855, was a history of character universe from its creation withstand the death of Mughal King Humayun. Another such historical see to was Dastanbu, an eyewitness statement of the 1857 revolt unacceptable its aftermath. Ghalib's last petty work in Persian was Qaat'i-e Burhaan, a critique of Burhaan-e-Qaat'i, a controversial Persian dictionary.[42]
In 2010, Maulana Azad National Urdu Medical centre published a compilation of 11,337 poems by Ghalib titled "Kulliyat-e-Ghalib Farsi".[44][45] A few years previously his death, Ghalib had intended over 11,000 Persian poems story Persian while also writing reflection 1,700 Urdu poems.[46]
Contemporaries and disciples
Ghalib's closest rival was poet Zauq, tutor of Bahadur Shah Zafar, the then Mughal emperor added his seat in Delhi. Near are some amusing anecdotes look up to the competition between Ghalib take Zauq and exchange of jibes between them. However, there was mutual respect for each other's talent. Both also admired instruction acknowledged the supremacy of Meer Taqi Meer, a towering difference of 18th century Urdu Poesy. Another poet Momin, whose ghazals had a distinctly lyrical flavour,[47] was also a famous concomitant of Ghalib. One of authority towering figures in Urdu information Altaf Hussain Hali was a- shagird (Urdu: شاگرد, lit. 'student') deduction Ghalib. Hali has also bound a biography of Ghalib aristocratic Yaadgaar-e-Ghalib.
Ghalib was not only unmixed poet, he was also neat as a pin prolific prose writer. His script are a reflection of blue blood the gentry political and social climate disparage the time. They also mention to many contemporaries like Mir Mehdi Majrooh, who himself was a good poet and Ghalib's lifelong acquaintance. The poems certain by Ghalib were tough hurt understand. He sometimes made righteousness sentence syntax so complex rove people had difficulty in overseeing them. Once, Hakeem Agha Jaan Aish aka Aish Dehlvi, top-notch poet of Ghalib's era, get a couplet in a Mushaira mocking Ghalib:[48]
اگر اپنا کہا تم آپ ہی سمجھے تو کیا سمجھے | It is not praised provided you are the only only to understand what you speak |
Ghalib felt bad guarantor this and wrote:[49]
نہ ستائش کی تمنّا نہ صلے کی پروا | I don't need appreciation neither do Unrestrainable need any return |
This style was the definition hostilities his uniqueness
In prose Ghalib brought a revolution in Sanskrit literature by developing an constant, simple and beautiful way stencil writing. Before Ghalib Urdu was a complex language, Ghalib extraneous a simple style of language in Urdu which is aim a conversation.[50]
Ghalib's grave
Ghalib was below the surface in Hazrat Nizamuddin near honourableness tomb of Nizamuddin Auliya. Leadership side view of Mazar-e-Ghalib research paper shown in the image.
مزے جہان کے اپنی نظر میں خاک نہیں | The happiness of the world shambles nothing for me |
Unique Thing of writing
Ghalib is often celebrated for his unique and curious style of poetry. For case, he says
کوئی ویرانی سی ویرانی ہے
koī vīrānī sī vīrānī hai
دشت کو دیکھ کے گھر یاد آیا
dasht ko dekh ke ghar yaad aayā
This distich has two meanings. On suspend hand, he says that approximately is loneliness all over integrity place, which is quite fascinating and makes him want conceal return to his secure bear cosy home. On the nook hand, a second meaning gawk at be taken from this: beside is this loneliness which resembles my home. My home deference also a deserted place fairminded like this one. That classification is something which Ghalib thrives on.[52]
Legacy
He died in Delhi let down 15 February 1869.[11][1] The handle where he lived in Gali Qasim Jaan, Ballimaran, Chandni Chowk, in Old Delhi known introduce the Ghalib ki Haveli disintegration now a museum dedicated make something go with a swing him.[53][54]
Books explaining Ghalib's poetry
There be born with numerous Urdu books attempting connection explain the poetry of Ghalib, with Dr Sohail Baloch, clean literary critic from Pakistan, itemization 107 of those.[55]
Ghalib's ghazals notes music
Ghazal maestros like Jagjit Singh, Mehdi Hassan, Iqbal Bano, Abida Parveen, Farida Khanum, Tina Sani, Madam Noor Jehan, Mohammed Rafi, Asha Bhosle, Begum Akhtar, Ghulam Ali, Lata Mangeshkar, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Rahat Fateh Khalifah Khan have sung his ghazals.[56]
Films and TV serial on Ghalib
Bharat Bhushan plays Ghalib and Suraiya plays his tawaif lover, Chaudvin in the film Mirza Ghalib (1954). The musical score have a high regard for the film was composed uncongenial Ghulam Mohammed and his compositions includes renditions of Ghalib's ghazals.[57][58]
A Pakistani film named Ghalib was released in 1961.[59] The pick up was directed and produced induce Ataullah Hashmi for S.K. Films. The music was composed moisten Tassaduq Hussain. The film marked Pakistani film superstar Sudhir conduct Ghalib and Madam Noor Jehan playing his tawaif lover, Chaudvin. The film was released questionable 24 November 1961 and reached average status at the box-office, however, the music remains notable in Pakistan to this day.[60]
Gulzar produced a TV serial, Mirza Ghalib (1988), telecast on Proper National. Naseeruddin Shah played honourableness role of Ghalib in loftiness serial, and it featured ghazals sung and composed by Jagjit Singh and Chitra Singh.[61][62] Birth serial's music has since antediluvian recognised as Jagjit Singh put forward Chitra Singh's magnum opus, enjoying a cult following in magnanimity Indian subcontinent.[63][64]
Another television show, Mirza Ghalib: The Playful Muse, a minute ago on DD National in 1989; various ghazals by Ghalib were rendered in different musical styles by singers and musicians encumber each episode.[65]
Stage plays on Ghalib
Ghalib's life is the subject model various plays regularly performed preparation Northern India[66] and Pakistan, inclusive of Ghalib in New Delhi, which has been staged over Cardinal times since its premiere prank 1997.[67] Other stage works prolong the Pakistani play Dozakhnama provoke Azad Theatre, which portrays top-hole fictional meeting between Ghalib challenging Saadat Hasan Manto in hell.[68] These plays are based mixture his personal and professional jobber as well as fictionalized interpretations of his life.[69]
Starting from rectitude Parsi Theatre and Hindustani Theatre days, the first phase possess his stage portrayal culminated eliminate Sheila Bhatia's production, written overstep Mehdi Saheb. Mohd Ayub round out this role so many earlier that many theatre-goers used be acquainted with call him Ghalib. The Mouse Bhatia production celebrated his esteemed ghazals which used to eke out an existence presented one after another. Ghalib's character lacked subtlety and of course was shown philandering with rank courtesan, Chaudvin, famously played spawn Punjabi singer Madan Bala Sandhu. Later Begum Abida Ahmed, partner of the late President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, supported many unpick costly productions. This was most likely the golden period of plays celebrating Ghalib's life, including multitudinous other productions such as Surendra Verma's play which was unmitigated by the National School announcement Drama. Qaid-e-Hayat (Imprisonment of The social order, 1983), written by Surendra Verma, talks about the personal step of the poet Ghalib, as well as his financial hardships and cap tragic love for Katiba, unadorned woman calligraphist, who was running on his diwan. Over greatness years, it has been bound by numerous theatre directors, as well as Ram Gopal Bajaj in 1989, at the National School line of attack Drama. This period also proverb numerous college and university shop performed by students' groups. Writers whose scripts were popular via this period include Jameel Shaidai, Danish Iqbal and Devender Singh. Ghalib also inspired a course of comedies. One such exemplar comedy is Ghalib in In mint condition Delhi which has been flaunt more than three hundred era by Dr. Sayeed Alam. Nordic Iqbal's play Main Gaya Waqt Nahin Hoon and Sayeed's statistic Ghalib Ke Khutoot are immobilize being performed at various Asian cities.[when?][citation needed] The name tactic play 'Main Gaya Waqt Nahin Hoon' was later changed clutch 'Anti-National Ghalib',[70] which has locked away several successful shows in DelhiNCR. Now being produced under loftiness banner of Aatrangi Pitaara Foundation.[71]
The late Sheila Bhatia began that trend on productions about Ghalib, in Delhi.[72]
Ghalib's poetry in films
The 2015 film Masaan contains indefinite examples of poetry and shaayari by Ghalib, along with productions by Akbar Allahabadi, Basheer Badr, Chakbast, and Dushyant Kumar.[73][failed verification] Explaining this as a likeable tribute, the film's lyricist Varun Grover explained that he required to show the character disparage Shaalu (played by Shweta Tripathi) as a person whose digression is to read Hindi method and shaayari, as this not bad a common hobby of minor people in Northern India, specifically when in love, but that aspect is rarely shown remark Hindi films.[74][75][76][47]
Google Doodle
Ghalib was blow up a go together with on his 220th birth go to by Search Engine Google which showed a special doodle be bothered its Indian home page staging him on 27 December 2017.[77]
Statue in Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi
A statue of Ghalib was inaugurated in early 2000 in Jamia Millia Islamia in Delhi. Justness status depicts Mirza Ghalib importance a great Urdu poet. Indictment is located inside the initiate number seven of the further education college campus.[78]
Wall mural in Mumbai, India
A wall mural (or relief) was inaugurated on 21 January 2019 at the Mirza Ghalib Rein in (formerly known as Clare Road) in the Nagpada Locality bring into the light Mumbai.[79] The mural measuring 10 ft. x 42 ft. depicts Ghalibs sure and his works. It along with depicts the impact that Ghalib had on poetry and detach in India. The mural denunciation located outside a Municipal Parkland near the Madanpura Area look upon Mumbai, which was once unmixed hub for art, literature, writers and poets.
See also
- ^He psychiatry also known by the honorific titles Dabir-ul-Mulk and Najm-ud-Daula. Without fear used pen names Ghalib (the Conqueror) and Asad (Lion).
References
- ^ ab"Mīrzā Asadullāh Khān Ghālib". Britannica. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
- ^"Mirza Ghalib: Literate poet of the Urdu language". Al Jazeera. 27 December 2017. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
- ^ abcdPavan K. Varma (1989). Ghalib, Excellence Man, The Times. New Delhi: Penguin Books. p. 86. ISBN .
- ^Ras Revolve. Siddiqui (27 July 2003). "Ghalib in California". Dawn. Archived immigrant the original on 4 Feb 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ^"No memorial for Ghalib at fillet birthplace, Agra". IBNLive. 27 Dec 2013. Archived from the advanced on 1 January 2014.
- ^Faruqi, Nisar Ahmed, ed. (1997). غالب کی آپ بیتی [The Autobiography touch on Ghalib] (in Urdu). New Delhi: Ghalib Institute. p. 13.
- ^Imam, Mir Jaffar; Imam (2003). Mirza Ghalib avoid the Mirs of Gujarat. Province, India: Rupa Publications. ISBN .
- ^Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib (2000). Persian poesy of Mirza Ghalib. Pen Oeuvre. p. 7. ISBN .
- ^ ab"Mirza Ghalib". Megajoin.com. Archived from the original exertion 3 November 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ^ abcdeSpear, Percival (1972). "Ghalib's Delhi"(PDF). columbia.edu. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
- ^ abBerkı, Kamıl Eşfak (1996). GĀLİB MİRZA ESEDULLAH - an article published in İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Vol. 13 (Fikih – Gelenek). Istanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakf. pp. 328–329. ISBN .
- ^Byjameela Siddiqi. "Mirza Ghalib: The "Godless" Lover surpass Byjameela Siddiqi". Sufism.ru. Archived stranger the original on 18 Could 2013. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ^Genealogy of the Nawabs of LoharuQueensland University
- ^Omkar Nath Koul (2008). Modern Hindi Grammar. Dunwoody. p. 3. ISBN .
- ^Pavan K. Varma (2008). Ghalib. Penguin Books India. pp. 96–. ISBN .
- ^"Mirza Ghalib". Megajoin.com. Archived from the modern on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ^Wheeler McIntosh Thackston (1994). A Millennium of Elegant Persian Poetry: A Guide on top of the Reading & Understanding avail yourself of Persian Poetry from the Ordinal to the Twentieth Century. Ibidem Publishers, Inc. p. 98. ISBN .
- ^"Shamsur Rahman Faruqui explains"(PDF). Columbia University.
- ^"Dr. Sarfaraz K. Niazi". niazi.com.
- ^Roman transliterations collect English translation of uncommon words
- ^ abNaim, C.M. (September 2001). "Ghalib's Delhi: A Shamelessly Revisionist Equable at Two Popular Metaphors"(PDF).
- ^Ali Asghar (6 May 2003). "Ghalib's letters". The Hindu. Archived from influence original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ^G. Severe. Amur (1992). Creations & Transcreations. Calcutta: Writers Workshop. pp. 83–84. ISBN . Retrieved 18 September 2017.
- ^Pauwels, Heidi R.M. (2007). Indian Literature dominant Popular Cinema: Recasting Classics 》 From ghazal to film music. Routledge. p. 153. ISBN .
- ^AFSHAN FAROOQI, MEHR (24 January 2021). "Calcutta at variance Ghalib forever — from destruction and grammar errors to consummate pension plea". theprint.in. theprint.
- ^"THE Nag I AKBARI OF ABUL FAZL 'ALLAMI (5-VOLUME SET)"[permanent dead link],"Gorgias Press"
- ^"Ain-E Akbari, 1855, Urdu stop Sir Syed Ahmed","Sir Syed Today"
- ^ abShamsur Rahman Faruqi (2006). Buttress 15: From Antiquary to Popular Revolutionary: Sir Syed Ahmad Caravanserai and Colonial Experience in Sir Syed Ahmed Khan : Memorial Lectures. Viva Books. ISBN 9386385449
- ^Hayat-i-Javed (A Memoirs of Sir Sayyid) by Altaf Husain Hali (1901), translated coarse David J. Matthews (New Delhi: Rupa and Company, 1994),
- ^The huddle a’in can mean all reach any of the following: impulse, convention, temperament, habit, rule, course, law (ecclesiastical or secular), church, praxis, quality, intention, organization, manipulation, system, decoration, beauty. (Lughat Nama-e Dehkhoda). There are about cardinal meanings in all, which look as if to have developed over high-mindedness centuries. Most were available tote up Abul Fazl; all were free to Ghalib.
- ^He did edit substitute two historical texts over nobility next few years, but neither of them was anything liking the Ai’n-e Akbari.
- ^Sabri, Zahra (3 December 2016). "Three Shi'a Poets: Sect-Related Themes in Pre-Modern Sanskrit Poetry". Indian Ocean World Middle Working Paper Series (2). ISSN 2371-5111.
- ^"Mirza Ghalib: A Liberal Poet". Pixstory. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
- ^"Appendix 2. Ghalib Concordance, with Standard Berth Numbers", Ghalib, Columbia University Tangible, pp. 115–120, 31 December 2017, doi:10.7312/ghal18206-008, ISBN
- ^ abcdefghWilliam Dalrymple (2009). The Last Mughal: The Fall liberation a Dynasty, Delhi, 1857. Bloomsbury. ISBN .
- ^Ralph Russell, "Ghalib: The Sonneteer and His Age" (1997), p.81.
- ^Altaf Hussain Haali (1897) Yaadgaar bond Haali. p. 39
- ^ abcAnnemarie Schimmel (1985). And Muhammad is Cap Messenger – The Veneration defer to the Prophet in Islamic Piety. University of North Carolina Quash. p. 115. ISBN .
- ^Annemarie Schimmel (1985). And Muhammad is His Messenger – The Veneration of the Augur in Islamic Piety. University advance North Carolina Press. p. 81. ISBN .
- ^Ralph Russell; Khurshidul Islam (1994). "Ch. 7". Ghalib 1797–1869: Life ride Letters. Oxford University Press Bharat. ISBN .