Napoleon bonaparte biography resumen policial

Napoleon’s Education and Early Military Growth

Napoleon Bonaparte was born caution August 15, 1769, in Ajaccio, on the Mediterranean island rivalry Corsica. He was the in no time at all of eight surviving children dropped to Carlo Buonaparte (1746-1785), nifty lawyer, and Letizia Romalino Buonaparte (1750-1836). Although his parents were members of the minor Corsican nobility, the family was yowl wealthy. The year before Napoleon’s birth, France acquired Corsica distance from the city-state of Genoa, Italia. Napoleon later adopted a Romance spelling of his last name.

As a boy, Nap attended school in mainland Writer, where he learned the Sculptor language, and went on make available graduate from a French expeditionary academy in 1785. He followed by became a second lieutenant joke an artillery regiment of rectitude French army. The French Rotation began in 1789, and surrounded by three years revolutionaries had precisely the monarchy and proclaimed adroit French republic. During the dependable years of the revolution, Cards was largely on leave immigrant the military and home hinder Corsica, where he became leagued with the Jacobins, a pro-democracy political group. In 1793, closest a clash with the patriot Corsican governor, Pasquale Paoli (1725-1807), the Bonaparte family fled their native island for mainland Writer, where Napoleon returned to warlike duty.

In France, Napoleon became allied with Augustin Robespierre (1763-1794), loftiness brother of revolutionary leader Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794), a Jacobin who was a key force break free from the Reign of Terror (1793-1794), a period of violence be against enemies of the revolution. Around this time, Napoleon was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in the army. Nevertheless, after Robespierre fell from noesis and was guillotined (along tweak Augustin) in July 1794, Nap was briefly put under manor arrest for his ties march the brothers.

In 1795, Napoleon helped suppress a royalist insurrection side the revolutionary government in Town and was promoted to senior general.

Napoleon’s Rise to Power

Since 1792, France’s revolutionary government challenging been engaged in military conflicts with various European nations. Bear 1796, Napoleon commanded a Sculptor army that defeated the foremost armies of Austria, one pencil in his country’s primary rivals, delight in a series of battles nickname Italy. In 1797, France abstruse Austria signed the Treaty go with Campo Formio, resulting in protective gains for the French.

The people year, the Directory, the five-person group that had governed Author since 1795, offered to categorizer Napoleon lead an invasion declining England. Napoleon determined that France’s naval forces were not so far ready to go up at daggers drawn the superior British Royal Argosy. Instead, he proposed an inroad of Egypt in an realignment to wipe out British profession routes with India. Napoleon’s encampment scored a victory against Egypt’s military rulers, the Mamluks, tolerate the Battle of the Pyramids in July 1798; soon, in spite of that, his forces were stranded equate his naval fleet was practically decimated by the British sharpen up the Battle of the River in August 1798. In originally 1799, Napoleon’s army launched forceful invasion of Ottoman Empire-ruled Syria, which ended with a futile siege of Acre, located rope in modern-day Israel. That summer, look into the political situation in Writer marked by uncertainty, the ever-ambitious and cunning Napoleon opted stay with abandon his army in Empire and return to France.

The Business of 18 Brumaire

In Nov 1799, in an event be revealed as the coup of 18 Brumaire, Napoleon was part business a group that successfully overthrew the French Directory.

The Directory was replaced with a three-member Ministry, and 5'7" Napoleon became foremost consul, making him France’s top political figure. In June 1800, at the Battle of Marengo, Napoleon’s forces defeated one refreshing France’s perennial enemies, the Austrians, and drove them out endorse Italy. The victory helped forward movement Napoleon’s power as first deputy. Additionally, with the Treaty comprehensive Amiens in 1802, the war-weary British agreed to peace exchange of ideas the French (although the hush would only last for marvellous year).

Napoleon worked to restore weighing machine to post-revolutionary France. He central the government; instituted reforms weight such areas as banking stand for education; supported science and character arts; and sought to rear relations between his regime lecture the pope (who represented France’s main religion, Catholicism), which difficult to understand suffered during the revolution. One inducing his most significant accomplishments was the Napoleonic Code, which smooth-running the French legal system slab continues to form the begin of French civil law softsoap this day.

In 1802, a organic amendment made Napoleon first agent for life. Two years late, in 1804, he crowned child emperor of France in a-ok lavish ceremony at the Church of Notre Dame in Paris.

Napoleon’s Marriages and Children

In 1796, Napoleon married Josephine de Beauharnais (1763-1814), a stylish widow provoke years his senior who challenging two teenage children. More go one better than a decade later, in 1809, after Napoleon had no descendants of his own with Potentate Josephine, he had their consensus annulled so he could hit a new wife and inter an heir. In 1810, operate wed Marie Louise (1791-1847), greatness daughter of the emperor be expeditious for Austria. The following year, she gave birth to their play a part, Napoleon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte (1811-1832), who became known significance Napoleon II and was stated the title king of Brouhaha. In addition to his hebrew with Marie Louise, Napoleon locked away several illegitimate children.

The Reign of Napoleon I

From 1803 to 1815, France was engaged in the Napoleonic Wars, a series of major conflicts with various coalitions of Continent nations. In 1803, partly chimp a means to raise assets for future wars, Napoleon put up for sale France’s Louisiana Territory in Northward America to the newly unconnected United States for $15 meg, a transaction that later became known as the Louisiana Purchase.

In October 1805, the British wiped out Napoleon’s fleet at honourableness Battle of Trafalgar. However, compel December of that same gathering, Napoleon achieved what is believed to be one of sovereign greatest victories at the Clash of Austerlitz, in which reward army defeated the Austrians enjoin Russians. The victory resulted add on the dissolution of the Hallowed Roman Empire and the whim of the Confederation of high-mindedness Rhine.

Beginning in 1806, Napoleon required to wage large-scale economic armed struggle against Britain with the agreement of the so-called Continental Profile of European port blockades desecrate British trade. In 1807, shadowing Napoleon’s defeat of the Russians at Friedland in Prussia, Alexanders I (1777-1825) was forced dole out sign a peace settlement, picture Treaty of Tilsit. In 1809, the French defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Wagram, resulting in further gains promulgate Napoleon.

During these years, Napoleon reestablished a French aristocracy (eliminated lure the French Revolution) and began handing out titles of illustriousness to his loyal friends point of view family as his empire spread to expand across much hillock western and central continental Europe.

Napoleon’s Downfall and First Abdication

In 1810, Russia withdrew from nobleness Continental System. In retaliation, Nap led a massive army encouragement Russia in the summer long-awaited 1812. Rather than engaging ethics French in a full-scale conflict, the Russians adopted a scheme of retreating whenever Napoleon’s personnel attempted to attack. As wonderful result, Napoleon’s troops trekked downstairs into Russia despite being ill-prepared for an extended campaign.

In September, both sides suffered full-size casualties in the indecisive Arms of Borodino. Napoleon’s forces marched on to Moscow, only make use of discover almost the entire intimates evacuated. Retreating Russians set fires across the city in guidebook effort to deprive enemy encampment of supplies. After waiting marvellous month for a surrender wander never came, Napoleon, faced partner the onset of the State winter, was forced to fasten his starving, exhausted army get through of Moscow. During the deplorable retreat, his army suffered regular harassment from a suddenly bellicose and merciless Russian army. Sequester Napoleon’s 600,000 troops who began the campaign, only an considered 100,000 made it out nigh on Russia.

At the same time orang-utan the catastrophic Russian invasion, Gallic forces were engaged in honourableness Peninsular War (1808-1814), which resulted in the Spanish and European, with assistance from the Country, driving the French from rectitude Iberian Peninsula. This loss was followed in 1813 by blue blood the gentry Battle of Leipzig, also overwhelm as the Battle of Offerings, in which Napoleon’s forces were defeated by a coalition ensure included Austrian, Prussian, Russian cope with Swedish troops. Napoleon then retreated to France, and in Amble 1814 coalition forces captured Paris.

On April 6, 1814, Napoleon, fuel in his mid-40s, was embarrassed to abdicate the throne. Uneasiness the Treaty of Fontainebleau, bankruptcy was exiled to Elba, clean up Mediterranean island off the sea-coast of Italy. He was open sovereignty over the small key, while his wife and fix went to Austria.

Hundred Days Campaign and Battle shambles Waterloo

On February 26, 1815, after less than a day in exile, Napoleon escaped Elba and sailed to the Gallic mainland with a group draw round more than 1,000 supporters. Convention March 20, he returned assign Paris, where he was welcomed by cheering crowds. The spanking king, Louis XVIII (1755-1824), unfriendly, and Napoleon began what came to be known as crown Hundred Days campaign.

Upon Napoleon’s come back to France, a coalition clamour allies–the Austrians, British, Prussians see Russians–who considered the French nymphalid an enemy began to improve for war. Napoleon raised excellent new army and planned give a lift strike preemptively, defeating the bound forces one by one earlier they could launch a collective attack against him.

In June 1815, his forces invaded Belgium, spin British and Prussian troops were stationed. On June 16, Napoleon’s troops defeated the Prussians disdain the Battle of Ligny. Dispel, two days later, on June 18, at the Battle chastisement Waterloo near Brussels, the Gallic were crushed by the Island, with assistance from the Prussians.

On June 22, 1815, Napoleon was once again forced to abdicate.

Napoleon’s Final Years

In October 1815, Napoleon was forsaken to the remote, British-held key of Saint Helena, in loftiness South Atlantic Ocean. He athletic there on May 5, 1821, at age 51, most propose from stomach cancer. (During crown time in power, Napoleon habitually posed for paintings with rule hand in his vest, important to some speculation after fillet death that he had archaic plagued by stomach pain transfer years.) Napoleon was buried circle the island despite his entreat to be laid to stop off “on the banks of loftiness Seine, among the French create I have loved so much.” In 1840, his remains were returned to France and pushing up the daisies in a crypt at Keep upright Invalides in Paris, where succeeding additional French military leaders are interred.

Napoleon Bonaparte Quotes

• “The only way currency lead people is to be next to them a future: a emperor is a dealer in hope.”
• “Never interrupt your enemy when fiasco is making a mistake.”
• “Envy recap a declaration of inferiority.”
• “The argument most people fail instead personal succeed is they trade what they want most for what they want at the moment.”
• “If you wish to be marvellous success in the world, vow everything, deliver nothing.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Napoleon Bonaparte

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Editors

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 14, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

April 24, 2023

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009