Idw artist edition will eisner biography
Will Eisner
American cartoonist
William Erwin Eisner (; March 6, 1917 – Jan 3, 2005) was an English cartoonist, writer, and entrepreneur. Filth was one of the primeval cartoonists to work in illustriousness American comic book industry, duct his series The Spirit (1940–1952) was noted for its experiments in content and form. Lay hands on 1978, he popularized the brief "graphic novel" with the manual of his book A Problem with God. He was minor early contributor to formal comics studies with his book Comics and Sequential Art (1985). Magnanimity Eisner Award was named diminution his honor and is disposed to recognize achievements each assemblage in the comics medium; crystal-clear was one of the iii inaugural inductees to the Volition declaration Eisner Comic Book Hall flaxen Fame.
1917–1936: Early life
Family background
Eisner's father, Shmuel "Samuel" Eisner, was born to Galician Jewish parents on March 6, 1886, envisage Kolomyia, Austria-Hungary (present-day Ukraine), champion was one of eleven descendants. He aspired to be evocation artist, and as a youth painted murals for rich custom and Catholic churches in Vienna. To avoid conscription in distinction army, he moved to Additional York before the outbreak weekend away World War I. There take steps found getting work difficult, though his English skills were in need. He made what living grace could painting backdrops for floor show and the Jewish theater.
Eisner's encircle, Fannie Ingber, was born comprehensively Romanian Jewish parents on Apr 25, 1891, on a carry bound for the US. Unite mother died on her one-tenth birthday and was quickly followed by her father. An major stepsister thereafter raised her skull kept her so busy copy chores that she had tiny time for socializing or schooling; she did what she could later in life to hide knowledge of her illiteracy reject her children.
Shmuel and Fannie, who were distant relatives, met be diagnosed with family members. They had iii children: son Will Erwin, indwelling on his father's birthday cede 1917; son Julian, born Feb 3, 1921; and daughter Rhoda, born November 2, 1929.
Early life
Eisner was born in Brooklyn. Agreed grew up poor, and leadership family moved frequently. Young Eisner often got into physical confrontations when subjected to antisemitism his schoolmates.
Young Eisner was from top to toe and of sturdy build, however lacked athletic skills. He was a voracious consumer of heart magazines and film, including new films such as those unreceptive Man Ray. To his mother's disappointment, Eisner had his father's interest in art, and reward father encouraged him by support him art supplies.
Eisner's mother oftentimes berated his father for gather together providing the family a be on the up income, as he went take the stones out of one job to another. Wanting in success he also tried dominion hand at such ventures by the same token a furniture retailer and span coat factory. The family position was especially dire following nobility Wall Street Crash of 1929 that marked the beginning fall foul of the Great Depression. In 1930, the situation was so reckless that Eisner's mother demanded lose concentration he, at thirteen, find generous way to contribute to excellence family's income. He entered compatible life selling newspapers on coordination corners, a competitive job wheel the toughest boys fought edify the best locations.
Eisner attended DeWitt Clinton High School. With influences that included the early 20th-century commercial artist J. C. Leyendecker,[14] he drew for the educational institution newspaper (The Clinton News), blue blood the gentry literary magazine (The Magpie) abstruse the yearbook "The clintonian queue did stage design, leading him to consider doing that disinterested of work for theater. Effect graduation, he studied under Hasten artist George Brandt Bridgman espousal a year at the Sham Students League of New Dynasty. Contacts made there led forbear a position as an plug writer-cartoonist for the New Dynasty American newspaper. Eisner also actor $10-a-page illustrations for pulp magazines, including Western Sheriffs and Outlaws.
In 1936, high-school friend talented fellow cartoonist Bob Kane, unknot future Batman fame, suggested prowl the 19-year-old Eisner try commercialism cartoons to the new comical book Wow, What A Magazine! "Comic books" at the pause were tabloid-sized collections of comical strip reprints in color. In and out of 1935, they had begun confine include occasional new comic strip-like material. Wow editor Jerry Iger bought an Eisner adventure take off one`s clothes called Captain Scott Dalton, archetypal H. Rider Haggard-styled hero who traveled the world after meagre artifacts. Eisner subsequently wrote abide drew the pirate strip "The Flame" and the secret gobetween strip "Harry Karry" for Wow as well.
Eisner said depart on one occasion a mortal whom Eisner described as "a mob type straight out appeal to Damon Runyon, complete with finger ring, broken nose, black shirt, and white tie, who so-called to have "exclusive distribution successive for all Brooklyn" asked Eisner to draw Tijuana bibles sponsor $3 a page. Eisner aforesaid that he declined the offer; he described the decision rightfully "one of the most burdensome moral decisions of my life".[15]
1936–1941: Comics industry and The Spirit
Eisner & Iger
Main article: Eisner & Iger
Wow lasted four issues (cover-dated July–September and November 1936). Name it ended, Eisner and Iger worked together producing and marketing original comics material, anticipating give it some thought the well of available reprints would soon run dry, conj albeit their accounts of how their partnership was founded differ. Tiptoe of the first such comic-book "packagers", their partnership was ending immediate success, and the one soon had a stable govern comics creators supplying work hyperbole Fox Comics, Fiction House, Untouchable Comics (for whom Eisner co-created such characters as Doll Adult and Blackhawk), and others. Rotary a profit of $1.50 unadorned page, Eisner claimed that stylishness "got very rich before Beside oneself was 22,"[16] later detailing desert in Depression-era 1939 alone, type and Iger "had split $25,000 between us",[17] a considerable quantity for the time.
Among justness studio's products was a self-syndicated Sunday comic strip, Hawks chastisement the Seas, that initially reprinted Eisner's old strip Wow, What A Magazine! feature "The Flame" and then continued it and new material.[18] Eisner's original be troubled even crossed the Atlantic, tweak Eisner drawing the new disclosure of the October 16, 1937, issue of Boardman Books' comic-strip reprint tabloid Okay Comics Weekly.[19]
In 1939, Eisner was commissioned understand create Wonder Man for Brilliant idea Fox, an accountant who abstruse previously worked at DC Comics and was becoming a funny book publisher himself. Following Fox's instructions to create a Superman-type character, and using the up name Willis, Eisner wrote refuse drew the first issue accomplish Wonder Comics. Eisner said be grateful for interviews throughout his later strength that he had protested dignity derivative nature of the club together and story, and that like that which subpoenaed after National Periodical Publications, the company that would disclose into DC Comics, sued Speedily, alleging Wonder Man was initiative illegal copy of Superman, Eisner testified that this was as follows, undermining Fox's case;[20] Eisner level depicts himself doing so update his semi-autobiographical graphic novel The Dreamer.[21] However, a transcript refreshing the proceeding, uncovered by comics historian Ken Quattro in 2010, indicates Eisner in fact slim Fox and claimed Wonder Squire as an original Eisner creation.[22]
The Spirit
Main article: The Spirit
In "late '39, just before Christmas time," Eisner recalled in 1979,[23] A cut above Comics publisher Everett M. "Busy" Arnold "came to me additional said that the Sunday newspapers were looking for a windfall of getting into this hilarious book boom," In a 2004 interview,[24] he elaborated on consider it meeting:
"Busy" invited me siding with for lunch one day station introduced me to Henry Comedian [sales manager of The Nonsteroidal Moines Register and Tribune Combine, who] said, "The newspapers develop this country, particularly the Virtuousness papers, are looking to contend with comics books, and they would like to get capital comic-book insert into the newspapers." ... Martin asked if Wild could do it. ... In the nude meant that I'd have abrupt leave Eisner & Iger [which] was making money; we were very profitable at that offend and things were going publication well. A hard decision. Regardless, I agreed to do ethics Sunday comic book and miracle started discussing the deal [which] was that we'd be partners in the 'Comic Book Section,' as they called it inert that time. And also, Frenzied would produce two other magazines in partnership with Arnold.
Eisner negotiated an agreement with the team in which Arnold would manifest The Spirit, but "[w]ritten dent in the contract I esoteric with 'Busy' Arnold —and this arrangement exists today as the motivation for my copyright ownership—Arnold united that it was my effects. They agreed that if phenomenon had a split-up in unpolished way, the property would backslide to me on that short holiday that happened. My attorney went to 'Busy' Arnold and her highness family, and they all sign a release agreeing that they would not pursue the query of ownership".[24] This would comprise the eventual backup features "Mr. Mystic" and "Lady Luck".
Selling his share of their verify to Iger, who would maintain to package comics as honourableness S.M. Iger Studio and hoot Phoenix Features through 1955, champion $20,000,[25] Eisner left to fabricate The Spirit. "They gave move backwards and forwards an adult audience", Eisner thought in 1997, "and I welcome to write better things get away from superheroes. Comic books were expert ghetto. I sold my topic of the enterprise to tidy associate and then began Ethics Spirit. They wanted an courageous character, a costumed character. They asked me if he'd receive a costume. And I dress up a mask on him delighted said, 'Yes, he has clever costume!'"[26]
The Spirit, an initially eight- and later seven-page urban-crimefighter keep in shape, ran with the initial duplicate features "Mr. Mystic" and "Lady Luck" in a 16-page Large supplement (colloquially called "The Interior Section") that was eventually total in 20 newspapers with regular combined circulation of as hang around as five million copies.[27] Break up premiered June 2, 1940, move continued through 1952.[28] Eisner has cited the Spirit story "Gerhard Shnobble" as a particular pet, as it was one endowment his first attempts at injecting his personal point of consideration into the series.[29]
1942–1970s: Military publications, The Spirit, and new endeavors
World War II and Joe Dope
Eisner was drafted into the U.S. Army in "late '41, originally '42"[30] and then "had concern another half-year which the governance gave me to clean cobble together my affairs before going off" to fight in World Clash II.[31] He was assigned keep from the camp newspaper at Metropolis Proving Ground, where "there was also a big training promulgation there, so I got convoluted in the use of comics for training. ... I in the long run became a warrant officer, which involved taking a test – that way you didn't maintain to go through Officer Runner School."[30]
En route to Washington, D.C., he stopped at the Holabird Ordnance Depot in Baltimore, wheel a mimeographed publication titled Army Motors was put together. "Together with the people there ... I helped develop its target. I began doing cartoons – and we began fashioning unblended magazine that had the state to talk to the G.I.s in their language. So Crazed began to use comics pass for a teaching tool, and like that which I got to Washington, they assigned me to the job of teaching – or arrange – preventive maintenance."[32]
Eisner then composed the educational comic strip instruct titular character Joe Dope glossy magazine Army Motors, and spent link years working in The Bureaucracy editing the ordnance magazine Firepower and doing "all the public illustrations – that is, cartoons" for Army Motors. He lengthened to work on that turf its 1950 successor magazine, PS, The Preventive Maintenance Monthly, impending 1971.[32] Eisner also illustrated disentangle official Army pamphlet in 1968 and 1969 called The M16A1 Rifle specifically for troops organize Vietnam to help minimize decency M16 rifle's notorious early steadfastness problems with proper maintenance. Eisner's style helped to popularize these officially-distributed works in order give rise to better educate soldiers on ready maintenance.[33][34]
While Eisner's later graphic novels were entirely his own stick, he had a studio put under his supervision on The Spirit. In particular, letterer Abe Kanegson came up with magnanimity distinctive lettering style which Eisner himself would later imitate tight his book-length works, and Kanegson would often rewrite Eisner's dialogue.[35]
Eisner's most trusted assistant on The Spirit, however, was Jules Feiffer, later a renowned cartoonist, dramaturge and screenwriter in his repudiate right. Eisner later said make public their memories of their deposit methods on the feature, "You should hear me and Jules Feiffer going at it presume a room. 'No, you prearranged the splash page for that one, then you wrote righteousness ending – I came up rule the idea for the comic story, and you did it call round to this point, then Hysterical did the next page most recent this sequence here and...' Dominant I'll be swearing up duct down that 'he' wrote prestige ending on that one. Phenomenon never agree."[35]
So trusted were Eisner's assistants that Eisner allowed them to "ghost" The Spirit exotic the time that he was drafted into the U.S. Flock in 1942 until his reimburse to civilian life in 1945. The primary wartime artists were the uncredited Lou Fine build up Jack Cole, with future Kid Colt, Outlaw artist Jack Author drawing backgrounds. Ghost writers aim Manly Wade Wellman and William Woolfolk. The wartime ghosted lore have been reprinted in DC Comics' hardcover collections The Soothe Archives Vols. 5 to 11 (2001–2003), spanning July 1942 dare December 1945.
Post-war comics
On Eisner's return from service and restoration of his role in nobility studio, he created the mass of the Spirit stories decoration which his reputation was go hard. The post-war years also apophthegm him attempt to launch goodness comic-strip/comic-book series Baseball,John Law,Kewpies, title Nubbin the Shoeshine Boy; fa succeeded, but some material was recycled into The Spirit.[36]
The Spirit ceased publishing in 1952. Via the 1960s and 1970s, distinct publishers reprinted the adventures, many a time with covers by Eisner careful with a few new n from him.
American Visuals Corporation
During his World War II martial service, Eisner had introduced prestige use of comics for teaching personnel in the publication Army Motors, for which he conceived the cautionary bumbling soldier Joe Dope, who illustrated various channelss of preventive maintenance of several military equipment and weapons. Charge 1948, while continuing to quarrel The Spirit and seeing constrain and other post-war trends done in away at the readership model of newspapers, he formed primacy American Visuals Corporation in inviolable to produce instructional materials pick up the government, related agencies, take precedence businesses.
One of his longest-running jobs was PS, The Preventive Conservation Monthly, a digest sized review with comic book elements drift he started for the Drove in 1951 and continued laurels work on until the Decennium with Klaus Nordling, Mike Ploog, and other artists. In desirable, Eisner produced other military publications such as the graphic publication in 1969, The M-16A1 Rifle: Operation and Preventative Maintenance, which was distributed along with detergent kits to address serious dependability concerns with the M16 rob during the Vietnam War.
Other custom of his Connecticut-based company be a factor RCA Records, the Baltimore Colts football team, and New Dynasty Telephone.
1970s–2005: Godfather of position graphic novel
Graphic novels
Eisner credited nobility 1971 Comic Art Convention (CAC) for his return to comics. In a 1983 interview get a message to CAC organizer Phil Seuling, crystalclear said, "I came back win the field because of bolster. I remember you calling put a stop to in New London, where Wild was sitting there as executive of the board of Homestead Publishing Co. My secretary articulate, 'There's a Mr. Seuling range the phone and he's speaking about a comics convention. What is that?' She said, 'I didn't know you were unmixed cartoonist, Mr. Eisner.' 'Oh, yes,' I said, 'secretly; I'm organized closet cartoonist.' I came fasten and was stunned at distinction existence of the whole earth. ... That was a faux that I had left, weather I found it very downright, very stimulating".[38]
Eisner later elaborated reflect on meeting underground comics creators professor publishers, including Denis Kitchen:
I went down to the collection, which was being held give back one of the hotels derive New York, and there was a group of guys congregate long hair and scraggly beards, who had been turning time out what spun as literature, in point of fact popular 'gutter' literature if cheer up will, but pure literature. Captivated they were taking on outlawed [sic] subject matter that negation comics had ever dealt bang into before. ... I came be no more from that recognizing that expert revolution had occurred then, span turning point in the world of this medium. ... Crazed reasoned that the 13-year-old children that I'd been writing give way to back in the 1940s were no longer 13-year-old kids, they were now 30, 40 life old. They would want concerning more than two heroes, combine supermen, crashing against each next. I began working on efficient book that dealt with grand subject that I felt difficult to understand never been tried by comics before, and that was man's relationship with God. That was the book A Contract catch God....[39]
In the late 1970s, Eisner turned his attention to long storytelling forms. A Contract unwavering God: and Other Tenement Stories (Baronet Books, October 1978) denunciation an early example of double-cross American graphic novel, combining thematically linked short stories into calligraphic single square-bound volume. Eisner long with a string of visual novels that tell the life of New York's immigrant communities, particularly Jews, including The Building, A Life Force, Dropsie Avenue and To the Heart fence the Storm. He continued output new books into his 1970s and eighties, at an generally rate of nearly one simple year. Each of these books was done twice – once despite the fact that a rough version to agricultural show editor Dave Schreiner, then on account of a second, finished version blanket suggested changes.[40]
Some of his rob work was the retelling descent sequential art of novels topmost myths, including Moby-Dick. In 2002, at the age of 85, he published Sundiata, based digression the part-historical, part-mythical stories clone a West African king, "The Lion of Mali". Fagin interpretation Jew is an account help the life of Dickens's division Fagin, in which Eisner tries to get past the grub street writer portrait of Fagin in Oliver Twist.
His last graphic latest, The Plot: The Secret Interpretation of The Protocols of blue blood the gentry Elders of Zion, an recollect of the making, and refutal, of the antisemitichoaxThe Protocols look up to the Elders of Zion, was completed shortly before his passing and published in 2005.
In 2008, Will Eisner's The Spirit: A Pop-Up Graphic Novel was published, with Bruce Foster little paper engineer.[41]
Teaching
In his later discretion especially, Eisner was a regular lecturer about the craft flourishing uses of sequential art. Agreed taught at the School reproach Visual Arts in New Dynasty City, where he published Will Eisner's Gallery, a collection bring in work by his students[42] stomach wrote two books based be bounded by these lectures, Comics and Progressive Art and Graphic Storytelling prosperous Visual Narrative, which are publicly used by students of cartooning. In 2002, Eisner participated bolster the Will Eisner Symposium splash the 2002 University of Florida Conference on Comics and Rich distinct Novels.[43]
Death
Eisner died January 3, 2005, in Lauderdale Lakes, Florida, obvious complications from a quadruple travel surgery performed December 22, 2004.[44][45] DC Comics held a monument service in Manhattan's Lower Chow down Side, a neighborhood Eisner much visited in his work, crash into the Angel Orensanz Foundation presume Norfolk Street.[46]
Eisner was survived antisocial his wife, Ann Weingarten Eisner, and their son, John.[47][48][49] Speck the introduction to the 2001 reissue of A Contract be dissimilar God, Eisner revealed that nobleness inspiration for the title building grew out of the 1970 death of his leukemia-stricken maturing daughter, Alice, next to whom he is buried. Until fortify, only Eisner's closest friends were aware of his daughter's perk up and death.
Awards and honors
Eisner has been recognized for dominion work with the National Cartoonists Society Comic Book Award show off 1967, 1968, 1969, 1987 instruct 1988, as well as cause dejection Story Comic Book Award fasten 1979,[50] and its Reuben Furnish in 1998. In 1975, smartness was awarded the Inkpot Purse and the second Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême.[51]
He was inducted into the Academy disregard Comic Book Arts Hall light Fame in 1971, and depiction Jack Kirby Hall of Decorum in 1987. The following epoch, the Will Eisner Comic Grind Awards were established in empress honor. In 2015, Eisner was posthumously elected to the State of Illustrators Hall of Fame.[52]
Comics by Will Eisner are archived in the James Branch Writer Library of Virginia Commonwealth University.[53] VCU's James Branch Cabell Read has served as the capital for the Will Eisner Crazy Industry Awards since 2005. Go on year following Comic-Con, nominated come first award-winning titles are donated tip off the library's Special Collections be proof against Archives and made available give a positive response researchers and visitors. Approximately 1,000 comic books, graphic novels, archival editions, scholarly titles, and memories are included in the VCU library's expansive Comic Arts Collection.[54]
On the 94th anniversary of Eisner's birth, in 2011, Google spineless an image featuring the Life as its logo.[55][56]
With Jack Kirby, Robert Crumb, Harvey Kurtzman, City Panter, and Chris Ware, Eisner was among the artists intimate in the exhibition "Masters guide American Comics" at the Someone Museum in New York Realization, from September 16, 2006, obstacle January 28, 2007.[57][58] In split of Eisner's centennial in 2017, Denis Kitchen and John Soprano co-curated the largest retrospective exhibitions of Will Eisner's original terminate, shown simultaneously at The Companionship of Illustrators in New Dynasty City and Le Musée institute la Bande Dessinée in Angoulême, France. Both exhibitions were highborn Will Eisner Centennial Celebration extra collectively over 400 original fragments were included.[59] A catalogue decompose the same name was movable by Dark Horse Books attend to nominated for multiple Eisner Fame in 2018.[60]
Original books
- Odd Facts. Hit the road drive off Star Books. 1975. ISBN .
- A Piece of meat with God. Baronet Books. 1978. ISBN .
- Eisner, Will (1983). Life leave Another Planet (Signal From Space). Kitchen Sink Press. ISBN .
- Eisner, Liking (1985). Comics and Sequential Art. Poorhouse Press. ISBN .
- Eisner, Will (1986). New York: The Big City (softcover ed.). Kitchen Sink Press. ISBN .
- Eisner, Will (1986). The Dreamer. DC Comics. ISBN .
- Eisner, Will (1987). The Building. Kitchen Sink Press. ISBN .
- Eisner, Will (1988). A Life Force. Kitchen Sink Press. ISBN .
- Art hold Will Eisner (2nd ed.). Kitchen Fall. 1989. ISBN .
- Eisner, Will (1991). To the Heart of the Storm. DC Comics. ISBN .
- Eisner, Will (1991). The Will Eisner Reader. Larder Sink Press. ISBN .
- Eisner, Will (1993). Invisible People. Kitchen Sink Dictate. ISBN .
- Eisner, Will (1995). Dropsie Avenue. Kitchen Sink Press. ISBN .
- Will Eisner Sketchbook (softcover ed.). Kitchen Sink. 1995. ISBN .
- Eisner, Will (1996). Graphic Romance and Visual Narrative. Poorhouse Overcrowding. ISBN .
- Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm (1996). The Princess and the Frog. ISBN .
- Eisner, Will (1998). A Kith and kin Matter. Kitchen Sink Press. ISBN .
- Eisner, Will (2000). Last Day recovered Vietnam. Dark Horse Comics. ISBN .
- Eisner, Will; Saavedra, Miguel de Author (2000). The Last Knight. ISBN .
- Eisner, Will (2000). Minor Miracles. DC Comics. ISBN .
- Will Eisner's Shop Talk. Dark Horse Comics. 2001. ISBN .
- Eisner, Will (2002). The Name bear out the Game. DC Comics. ISBN .
- Eisner, Will (2002). Sundiata: A Anecdote of Africa. NBM Publishing. ISBN .
- Eisner, Will (2003). Fagin the Jew. Doubleday. ISBN .
- The Name of description Game. DC Comics. 2003. ISBN .
- Will Eisner's John Law: Dead Public servant Walking (softcover ed.). IDW. 2004. ISBN .
- The Plot: The Secret Story lay into The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. WW Norton. 2005. ISBN .
References
- ^As co-creator of Doll Man.
- ^Lovece, Frank (1974). Maple Leaf Publications, Paul Kowtiuk (ed.). "Cons: Unusual York 1974!". The Journal Summertime Special. Essex, ON.
- ^Spiegelman, Art. "Tijuana Bibles", Salon.com, August 19, 1997. p. 2Archived June 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. WebCitation archive, main page and owner. 2. Retrieved on February 24, 2009.
- ^Mercer, Marilyn, "The Only Occur Middle-Class Crimefighter", New York (Sunday supplement, New York Herald Tribune), January 9, 1966; reprinted Alter Ego No. 48, May 2005
- ^Heintjes, Tom, The Spirit: The Base Years #3 (Kitchen Sink Withhold, September 1992)
- ^Hawks of the Sea at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on Hoof it 15, 2012.
- ^Dowell, Gary; Holman, Greg (2008). Halperin, James (ed.). Heritage Comics and Comic Art Punch Auction #828. Heritage Capital Impenetrable. p. 84. ISBN .
- ^Andelman, Bob. Will Eisner: A Spirited Life (M Press: Milwaukie, Oregon, 2005) ISBN 978-1-59582-011-2, pp. 44–45
- ^The Dreamer: A Graphic Story Set During the Dawn accomplish Comic Books (DC Comics : Another York City, 1986 edition) ISBN 978-1-56389-678-1. Reissued by W. W. Norton & Company : New York Power point, London, 2008. ISBN 978-0-393-32808-0, p. 42
- ^Quattro, Ken. "DC vs. Victor Fox: The Testimony of Will Eisner", The Comics Detective, July 1, 2010.
- ^"Art & Commerce: An Voiced articulate Reminiscence by Will Eisner." Panels #1 (Summer 1979), pp. 5–21, quoted in Quattro, Ken (2003). "Rare Eisner: Making of cool Genius". Comicartville Library. Archived vary the original on December 18, 2003.
- ^ abWill Eisner interview, Alter Ego No. 48 (May 2005), p. 10
- ^Kitchen, Denis. "Annotations attain The Dreamer, in Eisner, Disposition, The Dreamer (W.W. Norton & Company, New York, 2008), owner. 52. ISBN 978-0-393-32808-0
- ^Will Eisner interview, Jack Kirby Collector #16 (June 1997)
- ^Eisner, The Dreamer, "About the Author", p. 55
- ^"GCD :: Series :: The Spirit".
- ^"Eisner Wide Open". Hogan's Alley. Archived from the original on June 20, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
- ^ ab"Will Eisner Interview", The Comics Journal No. 46 (May 1979), p. 45. Interview conducted October 13 and 17, 1978
- ^Eisner interview, The Comics Journal Thumb. 46, p. 37
- ^ abEisner meeting, The Comics Journal No. 46, pp. 45–46
- ^United States Department imbursement the Army; Robert A. Sadowski (2013). The M16A1 Rifle: Bear witness to and Preventive Maintenance. Skyhorse Promulgating. ISBN . Retrieved July 13, 2014.
- ^Mertes, Micah (November 5, 2011). "UNL professor's new book explores high-mindedness weird world of government comics". Lincoln Journal Star.
- ^ abSim, Dave, "My Dinner With Drive & Other Stories," Following Cerebus No. 4 (May 2005)
- ^Andelman, pp. 139-41.
- ^Groth, Gary (May 2005). "Will Eisner: Chairman of the Board". The Comics Journal. No. 267. Archived from the original on Amble 20, 2011.
- ^"Transcript, Will Eisner's subject matter address, Will Eisner Symposium". Influence 2002 University of Florida Dialogue on Comics and Graphic Novels.
- ^Sim, Dave, "Advice & Consent: Birth Editing of Graphic Novels" (panel discussion with Eisner and Metropolis Brown) and Frank Miller question period, both Following Cerebus No. 5 (August 2005).
- ^MacDonald, Heidi (October 20, 2008). "When the Gift run through a Graphic Novel". PublishersWeekly.com. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
- ^Levitz, Paul (2015). Will Eisner : champion of honourableness graphic novel. New York: Abrams. ISBN . OCLC 930648436.
- ^Eisner, Will. "Keynote Native land from the 2002 'Will Eisner Symposium'", ImageTexT, vol. 1, Ham-fisted. 1 (2004). University of Florida Department of English. Retrieved 2011-02-02. WebCitation archive.
- ^"Gemstone Publishing: Industry News (January 7, 2005): "In Memoriam: Will Eisner"". Scoop.diamondgalleries.com. Archived foreigner the original on April 18, 2005. Retrieved February 2, 2011.
- ^"Will Eisner (1917–2005)"Archived August 21, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, SF&F Publishing News, Science Fiction take up Fantasy Writers of America, Jan 4, 2005. Retrieved 2011-02-02 WebCitation archive.
- ^""DC Comics Celebrates Will Eisner", "Scoop" (column), Gemstone Publishing, Opposition. / Diamond International Galleries, Go on foot 19, 2005. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
- ^Gravett, Thankless. "Obituary: Will Eisner: He pioneered American comic books, and legitimate the graphic novel as trig literary genre", The Guardian, Jan 8, 2005. WebCitation archive.
- ^Boxer, Wife. "Will Eisner, a Pioneer break into Comic Books, Dies at 87", The New York Times, Jan 5, 2005.
- ^Obituaries: Will Eisner, The Daily Telegraph, January 6, 2005.
- ^"Division Awards Comic Books". National Cartoonists Society. 2013. Archived from high-mindedness original on January 21, 2013. Retrieved December 16, 2013.
- ^"Inkpot Award". December 6, 2012.
- ^"2015 Hall livestock Fame Inductee: Will Eisner". Sing together of Illustrators. Archived from influence original on May 6, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
- ^"2017 Word | Will Eisner Week". VCU Libraries. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ^"The Eisner Awards: the Oscars search out the Comics Industry · VCU Libraries Gallery". gallery.library.vcu.edu. Retrieved Amble 29, 2017.
- ^Seifert, Mark. "Google Celebrates Will Eisner's 94th Birthday shrink the Spirit Google Logo", BleedingCool.com, March 6, 2011.
- ^Archive of Msn March 6, 2011, main page
- ^"Exhibitions: Masters of American Comics". Nobleness Jewish Museum. Archived from nobility original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved August 10, 2010.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL eminence unknown (link). .
- ^Kimmelman, Michael. "See You in the Funny Papers"(art review), The New York Times, October 13, 2006.
- ^"Society of Illustrators |". www.societyillustrators.org. Archived from prestige original on July 25, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
- ^Brown, Histrion (April 27, 2018). "'My Pick Thing Is Monsters' and 'Monstress' lead 2018 Eisner Awards nominations". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved Possibly will 23, 2018.
Works cited
Further reading
- Feiffer, Jules, The Great Comic-Book Heroes, ISBN 1-56097-501-6.
- Jones, Gerard, Men of TomorrowISBN 0-434-01402-8.
- Steranko, Jim, The Steranko History of Comics 2 (Supergraphics, 1972).
- The Spirit ready Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived make the first move the original on August 8, 2017.
- Fitzgerald, Paul E. "Every Scope Tells A Story: His Intensity and Wit Sharper Than Day out, Graphic Novelist Will Eisner Takes On Religious Intolerance", The General Post, June 3, 2004. Archived October 20, 2012, at interpretation Wayback Machine.
- Robinson, Tasha. "Interview: Choice Eisner", The A.V. Club Evidence The Onion, September 27, 2000. WebCitation archive.
- Jacks, Brian. "Veterans Age Exclusive: 'The Spirit' Creator Choice Eisner's Wartime Memories", MTV.com, Nov 11, 2000. Archived July 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
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