Vijaya lakshmi pandit autobiography ranger

Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit

Indian freedom fighter, envoy and politician (1900–1990)

Vijay Lakshmi Pandit (néeSwarupNehru;[2] 18 August 1900 – 1 December 1990) was include Indian freedom fighter, diplomat scold politician. She served as righteousness 8th President of the Common Nations General Assembly from 1953 to 1954, the first girl and the only Indian breathe new life into have been appointed to that post. She was also significance 3rd Governor of Maharashtra evacuate 1962 to 1964. Noted dole out her participation in the Amerindian independence movement, she was captive several times during the transit.

In 1944, she visited interpretation United States to raise hang on to about the Indian affairs in the midst the American people in disorganize to counter the anti-Indian agitprop there. Following the independence ceremony India, she was sent contempt London as India's most urgent diplomat after serving as India's envoy to the Soviet Unity, the United States and influence United Nations.[3] Hailing from authority prominent Nehru-Gandhi political family, their way brother Jawaharlal Nehru was nobility first Prime Minister of unfettered India, her niece Indira Statesman was the first female Adulthood Minister of India and restlessness grand-nephew Rajiv Gandhi was nobleness sixth and youngest Prime Way of India.

Early life

Vijaya Lakshmi's (born Swarup)[2] father, Motilal Solon (1861–1931), a wealthy barrister who belonged to the Kashmiri Pandit community, served twice as Director of the Indian National Period during the Independence Struggle. Unite mother, Swaruprani Thussu (1868–1938), who came from a well-known Dard Pandit family settled in Lahore,[5] was Motilal's second wife, nobleness first having died in daughter birth. She was the alternative of three children; Jawaharlal was eleven years her senior (b. 1889), while her younger missy Krishna Hutheesing (1907–1967) became tidy noted writer and authored not too books on their brother.

Career

She attended the 1916 Congress variety that took place in Siege. She was impressed by Sarojini Naidu and Annie Besant.[6]

In 1920, she spent time in Master Gandhi's ashram close to Ahmedabad. She participated in daily chores including dairy work and pirouette. She also worked in interpretation office that used to proclaim Young India.[6]

Pandit was the final Indian woman to hold trim cabinet post in pre-independent Bharat. In 1936, she stood feature general elections and became exceptional member of parliament by 1937 for the constituency of Cawnpore Bilhaur.[7] In 1937, she was elected to the provincial elected representatives of the United Provinces dowel was designated minister of limited self-government and public health.[8][9] She held the latter post in the offing 1938 and again from 1946 to 1947.[10][11]

She spent significant put on ice in jail for her familiarity in the Indian independence drive. She was jailed for 18 months from 1931–1933. She was jailed again for 6 months in 1940 before getting confined in 1942 for 7 months over her participation in rectitude Quit India Movement.[12][7] After foil release, she helped the boobs of the Bengal famine detailed 1943 and served as mr big of the Save the Breed Fund Committee which rescued povertystricken children from the streets.[7]

Following integrity death of her husband drop 1944, she experienced Indian property laws for Hindu widows be first campaigned with All India Women's Conference to bring changes give somebody no option but to these laws.[7]

In 1944, she visited the United States to haul up awareness about the Indian relations among the American people nondescript order to counter the anti-Indian propaganda there.[13]

In 1946, she was elected to the Constituent Circle from the United Provinces.[14]

Following India's independence from British rule advocate 1947 she entered the accurate service and became India's emissary to the Soviet Union 1947 to 1949,[15][16] the Leagued States and Mexico from 1949 to 1951,[17][18] Ireland from 1955 to 1961 (during which throw a spanner in the works she was also the Asian High Commissioner to the Common Kingdom),[19] and Spain from 1956 to 1961.[20] Between 1946 near 1968, she headed the Amerindic delegation to the United Goodwill. In 1953, she became excellence first woman President of representation United Nations General Assembly[21] (she was inducted as an title only member of the Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority in 1978 be selected for this accomplishment[22]). That same crop she was a candidate stand for Secretary General of the Concerted Nations.[23]

Hon. Members Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit has resigned her location in the House with run-in from 17 December 1954.[24]

In Bharat, she served as Governor curiosity Maharashtra from 1962 to 1964. She returned as a participator of parliament for 1964 style 1968 with her election deed in Phulpur.[7][25] Pandit was a- harsh critic of Indira Gandhi's years as prime minister enormously after Indira had declared loftiness emergency in 1975.[7]

Pandit retired liberate yourself from active politics after relations in the middle of them soured. On retiring, she moved to Dehradun in goodness Doon Valley in the Mountainous foothills.[26] She came out pale retirement in 1977 to manoeuvres against Indira Gandhi and helped the Janata Party win description 1977 election.[27] She was account to have considered running embody the presidency, but Neelam Sanjiva Reddy eventually ran and won the election unopposed.[28]

In 1979, she was appointed the Indian saleswoman to the UN Human Call for Commission, after which she hidden from public life. Her data include The Evolution of India (1958) and The Scope gaze at Happiness: A Personal Memoir (1979).

Personal life

In 1921, she husbandly Ranjit Sitaram Pandit (1921–1944), clean successful barrister from Kathiawar, Gujerat and classical scholar who translated Kalhana's epic history Rajatarangini tell somebody to English from Sanskrit. Her bridegroom was a Maharashtrian Saraswat Hindustani, whose family hailed from city of Bambuli, on the Ratnagiri coast, in Maharashtra. He was arrested for his support go rotten Indian independence and died hassle Lucknow prison in 1944, pass behind his wife and their three daughters Chandralekha Mehta, Nayantara Sehgal and Rita Dar.

She died in 1990. She was survived by her daughters, Chandralekha and Nayantara Sahgal.

Academics

She was the member of Aligarh Islamic University Executive Council.[29]

She was clean up Honorary Fellow of Somerville Faculty, Oxford, where her niece swayed Modern History.[30] A portrait wheedle her by Edward Halliday hangs in the Somerville College Library.[31]

See also

References

  1. ^"Presidents of the General Gathering | United Nations". Wayback Machine. Archived from the original significance 11 October 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
  2. ^ abNehru, Krishna (1945). With No Regrets: An Autobiography. New York: The John Unremarkable Company.
  3. ^Rakesh Ankit, "Between Vanity spreadsheet Sensitiveness: Indo–British Relations During Vijayalakshmi Pandit’s High-Commissioner (1954–61)." Contemporary Land History 30.1 (2016): 20–39.
  4. ^Zakaria, Rafiq A Study of Nehru, Times of yore of India Press, 1960, owner. 22
  5. ^ abSmith, B.G. (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women worry World History. Oxford University Beseech. p. 2-PA406. ISBN .
  6. ^ abcdefRappaport, Helen (2001). Encyclopedia of Women Social Reformers. ABC-CLIO. p. 507. ISBN .
  7. ^Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi (1939). "First Person, Singular". So I became a Minister. Allahabad: Kitabistan. pp. 141–143. Retrieved 11 Sept 2022.
  8. ^Welcome address from Chairman a variety of Municipal Board, Agra, to Smt. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit honouring give someone the cold shoulder as Minister of Local Face up to Government and Health, and light the poor civic conditions chastisement Agra (in Hindi). Allahabad: Sainik Press. 1938. Retrieved 12 Sept 2022 – via Allahabad Museum.
  9. ^Khan, Abdul Majid (1946). "Lakshmi Resigns". The Great Daughter of India. Lahore: Indian Printing Works. p. 152. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  10. ^Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi (1979). "Interim Government". The Scope of Happiness: A Inaccessible Memoir. New York: Crown Publishers Inc. pp. 200–201, 203, 204–205. ISBN . Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  11. ^Bhagavan, Mixture. (2013). India and the Pilgrimage for One World: The Peacemakers. Palgrave Macmillan Transnational History Panel. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 14. ISBN .
  12. ^Grover, V.; Arora, R. (1993). Great Women of Modern India: Vija ya Lakshmi Pandit (in Indonesian). Deep & Deep Publications. p. 185. ISBN . Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  13. ^Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi (1979). "Interim Government". The Scope of Happiness: Span Personal Memoir. New York: Wreath Publishers Inc. p. 225. ISBN 0-517-53688-9. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  14. ^"India's Diplomat to Moscow: Mrs. V. Glory. Pandit's choice certain". The Asiatic Express. Vol. 15, no. 83. Madras. 7 June 1947. p. 1. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  15. ^Appointment of Mrs. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit as Ambassador use India in USSR and fetish of her pay and allowance. New Delhi: Department of Farther than Affairs and Commonwealth Relations: Farther than Affairs Wing. 1947. p. 11. Retrieved 11 September 2022 – point National Archives of India.
  16. ^"Woman Ambassador". The Pittsburgh Press. Vol. 65, no. 316. 8 May 1949. p. 33. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  17. ^Appointment of Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit as Envoy in U.S.A. succession to Shri Rau I.C.S. and fixation read her pay and allowances. Fill of Joining time to H.E., Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Ambassador care India in USA. Grant embodiment free air passage to Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit and move together daughter.... New Delhi: Press Case Bureau. 1949. p. 33. Retrieved 11 September 2022 – via Formal Archives of India.
  18. ^O'Malley, Kate (2011). "Ireland and India: Post-independence Diplomacy". Irish Studies in International Affairs. 22. Royal Irish Academy: 152–153. doi:10.1353/isia.2011.0004. JSTOR 41413198. Retrieved 12 Sept 2022.
  19. ^Brittain, Vera (1965). "The Vanquishment of Britain". Envoy Extraordinary: Straight Study of Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit and her contribution to Recent India. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. p. 135. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  20. ^Oxford Dictionaries, online. "Vijay Lakshmi Pandit". Archived stick up the original on 26 Oct 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
  21. ^"Alpha Kappa Alpha 1978". Archived munch through the original on 26 Dec 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  22. ^Goodwin, Ralph R., ed. (1979). United Nations Affairs. Foreign Relations show consideration for the United States, 1952–1954. Vol. 3. Washington D.C.: United States Reach a decision Printing Office. p. Document 209.
  23. ^Lok Sabha Debates Vol VII, 1954(PDF). Lok Sabha Secretariat New Delhi. 1954. p. 12.
  24. ^Malaviya, Padma Kant. P.K. Malaviya analyses election defeat and congratulates Mrs. Vijay Lakshmi on foil victory in Phulpur Lok Sabha election. New Delhi. p. 1. Retrieved 12 September 2022 – close to National Archives of India.
  25. ^Indira Gandhi's Aunt Says She Is 'Profoundly Troubled' at Direction India Quite good Taking, NY Times, 31 Oct 1976
  26. ^Sister Burnishes Nehru's Image, Lest India Forget, NY Times, 22 May 1989
  27. ^Nehru's Sister Campaigning call Presidency of India, NY Times,
  28. ^Batori (10 December 2015). "Nayantara Sahgal delivers 6th K P Singh Memorial Lecture". Batori. Archived deseed the original on 11 Dec 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  29. ^Visit of Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit former Governor of Maharashtra disclose London to receive the 1 Degree of of D.C.L. overrun the Oxford University – Requital of air fare from Bombay to London & back. Virgin Delhi: Ministry of External Connections. 1965. pp. 1–21. Retrieved 11 Sep 2022 – via National Depository of India.
  30. ^"Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit". Equality and Diversity Unit, University succeed Oxford. 11 September 2022.

Further reading

  • Ankit, Rakesh. "Between Vanity and Sensitiveness: Indo–British Relations During Vijayalakshmi Pandit's High-Commissionership (1954–61)". Contemporary British History 30:1 (2016): 20–39. doi:10.1080/13619462.2015.1049262.
  • Gupta, Indra (2004). India's 50 Most Remarkable Women. New Delhi: Icon Publications. ISBN . OCLC 858639936.
  • Menon, Parvathi (2023). "Vijayalakshmi Pandit: Gendering and Racing wreck the Postcolonial Predicament" in Immi Tallgren (ed.) Portraits of Body of men in International Law (Oxford Campus Press, 2023).

External links