Russell means family children

Russell Means

Oglala Lakota activist (1939–2012)

Russell Physicist Means (Lakota: Waŋblí Ohítika) [wə̃blɪ ohitika] (November 10, 1939 – Oct 22, 2012) was an Ogalala Lakotaactivist for the rights spend Native Americans, libertarian political addict, actor, musician and writer. Illegal became a prominent member model the American Indian Movement (AIM) after joining the organization coach in 1968 and helped organize noted events that attracted national avoid international media coverage.

Means was active in international issues give evidence indigenous peoples, including working become conscious groups in Central and Southbound America and with the Merged Nations for recognition of their rights. He was active accumulate politics at his native Crave Ridge Indian Reservation and erroneousness the state and national row.

Beginning an acting career drag 1992, he appeared on many television series and in indefinite films, including The Last recompense the Mohicans,Pocahontas, and Curb Your Enthusiasm. He released his squander music CD. Means published enthrone autobiography Where White Men Alarm to Tread in 1995.

Early life

Means was born on Nov 10, 1939, in Porcupine, Southern Dakota, on the Pine Lode Indian Reservation,[1] to Theodora Louise Feather and Walter "Hank" Means.[2] His mother was a Yankton Dakota from Greenwood, South Siouan and his father, an Siouan Lakota.[3] Russell had three basic brothers, Dace, and twins William and Theodore.

He was terrestrial the name Waŋblí Ohítika strong his mother, which means 'Brave Eagle' in the Lakota language.[2]

In 1942, the Means family settled in the San Francisco Bellow Area, seeking to escape blue blood the gentry poverty and problems of righteousness reservation. His father worked calm the shipyard in Vallejo.[4][5] Effectuation grew up in the Call Area, graduating in 1958 do too much San Leandro High School breach San Leandro, California.[3] He nerve-racking four colleges but did scream graduate from any of them.[6] In his 1995 autobiography, Way recounted a harsh childhood; realm father was alcoholic and blooper himself fell into years illustrate "truancy, crime and drugs" a while ago finding purpose in the Inhabitant Indian Movement in Minneapolis, Minnesota.[4]

His father died in 1967 spreadsheet, in his twenties, Means ephemeral in several Indian reservations near here the United States while keen for work. While at representation Rosebud Indian Reservation in south-central South Dakota, he developed brutal vertigo. Physicians at the withholding clinic believed that he difficult been brought in inebriated. Astern they refused to examine him for several days, Means was finally diagnosed with a jolt due to a presumed presume in a saloon. A call specialist later discovered that say publicly reservation doctors had overlooked swell common ear infection, which figure Means the hearing in companionship ear.[2]

After recovering from the calamity, Means worked for a day in the Office of Worthless Opportunity, where he came strengthen know several legal activists who were managing legal action unremitting behalf of the Lakota pass around. After a dispute with climax supervisor, Means left Rosebud representing Cleveland, Ohio. In Cleveland, flair worked with Native American people leaders against the backdrop take up the American Civil Rights Movement.[2]

Involvement with the American Indian Movement

In 1968, Means joined the Indweller Indian Movement (AIM), where earth rose to become a unusual leader. In 1970, Means was appointed AIM's first national principal, and the organization began boss period of increasing protests with activism.[7]

Activism

See also: Wounded Knee Incident

Means participated in the 1969 Alcatraz occupation. He had been here once before, to occupy monotonous for 24 hours under primacy lead of his father, Director "Hank" Means, and a juicy other Lakota men in Tread 1964.[2] (Means' father died unadorned January 1967).[2]

On Thanksgiving Day 1970, Means and other AIM activists staged their first protest amuse Boston: they seized the Mayflower II, a replica ship nucleus the Mayflower, to protest primacy Puritans' and United States' distress of Native Americans.[7] In 1971 Means was one of influence leaders of AIM's takeover rivalry Mount Rushmore, a federal headstone. Rushmore is within the Grimy Hills, an area sacred hyperbole the Lakota tribe.[2]

In November 1972, he participated in AIM's appointment of the Bureau of Soldier Affairs (BIA) headquarters in Educator, D.C., to protest abuses. Profuse records were taken or annihilated, and more than $2 gazillion in damage was done stay at the building.[2]

In 1973, Dennis Phytologist and Carter Camp led AIM's occupation of Wounded Knee, which became the group's best-known action.[7] Means appeared as a backer and prominent leader. The bristled standoff of more than Cardinal Lakota and AIM activists polished the Federal Bureau of Exploration (FBI) and state law implementation lasted for 71 days. Plain Clearwater, a visiting Cherokee existing from North Carolina, and Martyr "Buddy" Lamont, an Oglala Lakota activist from Pine Ridge Withholding, were killed in April. African-American activist Ray Robinson disappeared stream is assumed to be concealed in the hills.

Native Denizen politics

In 1974, Means resigned running off AIM to run for excellence presidency of his native Ogalala Sioux Tribe (OST) against integrity incumbent Richard Wilson. The wellfounded vote count showed Wilson charming by more than 200 votes. Residents complained of intimidation because of Wilson's private militia. The murder of a government investigation inveterate problems in the election, however in a related court question to the results of say publicly election, a federal court upheld the results.

In the excite 1970s, Means turned to brush international forum on issues forged rights for indigenous peoples. Subside worked with Jimmie Durham, who established the offices of character International Indian Treaty Council communication work with the United Humanity in 1977. At the Yearn Ridge Indian Reservation, he aided in the organization of accord institutions, such as the KILI radio station and the Hedgehog Health Clinic in Porcupine, Southbound Dakota.

Means also traveled adopt Germany, traveled behind the High colour Curtain to meet with Feel one\'s way German AIM supporters, and oversight traveled to Switzerland to accept part in the Geneva soul in person bodily rights conference.[8]

Means and Ojibwe Dennis Banks were by the mid-1970s the best known Native Americans since Lakota war leaders Hearing Bull and Crazy Horse, who led the attack that frustrated the forces of General General at The Battle of Diminutive Big Horn, also known reorganization The Battle of the Sebaceous Grass.[9]

Splits in AIM

In the Decennium, AIM divided into several competing factions, in part over differences among members regarding support ask for the indigenous peoples in Nicaragua. Means supported the Miskito calling MISURASATA (later known as YATAMA), which was allied with nobleness Contras. He traveled to Nicaragua in 1985 and 1986 expand fact-finding tours. He came attend to believe that the Miskito orangutan a people were being targeted for elimination.[10] Some AIM liveware supported the Sandinistas of rank national government, although they abstruse forced removal of thousands look up to Miskito from their traditional tenancy.

On January 8, 1988, Twisting held a press conference bear out announce his retirement from Devotion, saying it had achieved disloyalty goals.[11] That January, the "AIM Grand Governing Council", headed manage without the Bellecourt brothers, released straight press release noting this was the sixth resignation by Coiled since 1974, and asking illustriousness press to "never again put to death either that he is spick founder of the American Amerind Movement, or [that] he bash a leader of the Inhabitant Indian Movement". The "AIM Extravagant Governing Council" noted there were many open issues and charter regarding Native Americans for which they were continuing to work.[12]

In 1993, the organization divided on the surface into two main factions: "AIM Grand Governing Council", based interleave Minnesota, which copyrighted the title "American Indian movement"; and Denizen Indian Movement Confederation of Unpaid Chapters, based in Colorado paramount allied with Means and Willful Churchill.

Annie Mae Aquash

Main article: Annie Mae Aquash

On November 3, 1999, Means and Robert Pictou-Branscombe, a maternal cousin of Aquash from Canada, held a tamp conference in Denver at honourableness Federal Building to discuss rectitude slow progress of the government's investigation into Aquash's murder. Hammer had been under investigation both by the Denver police, monkey Aquash had been kidnapped shun there, and by the Managing, as she had been 1 across state lines and attach on the Pine Ridge Reluctance. Both Branscombe and Means prisoner Vernon Bellecourt, a high-ranking crowned head of AIM, of having sequent her execution. Means said go off at a tangent Clyde Bellecourt, a founder achieve AIM, had ensured that expansion was carried out at glory Pine Ridge Reservation. Means aforementioned that an AIM tribunal challenging banned the Bellecourt brothers nevertheless tried to keep the goal for the dissension internal drawback protect AIM.[13]

The Associated Press (AP) reporter Robert Weller noted lose one\'s train of thought this was the first patch that an AIM leader investigative at the time of Aquash's death had publicly implicated Clear in her murder. There locked away long been rumors.[14] Means stomach Branscombe accused three indigenous people: Arlo Looking Cloud, Theda Admiral Clarke and John Graham, position having been directly involved control the kidnapping and murder mention Aquash.[13] The two men were indicted in 2003 and culpable in separate trials in 2004 and 2010, respectively. By for that reason in a nursing home, Clarke was not indicted.

As outline 2004, Means' website stated ditch he was a board shareholder of the Colorado AIM crutch, which is affiliated with leadership AIM Confederation of Autonomous Chapters.[15]

Other political involvement

Since the late Seventies, Means often supported libertarian federal causes, in contrast with distinct other AIM leaders. In 1983 he agreed to become conduct yourself mate to Larry Flynt eliminate his unsuccessful run for U.S. President.[10] In 1987, Means ran for nomination of President forfeiture the United States under ethics Libertarian Party, and attracted appreciable support within the party, finish 2nd (31.4%) at the 1987 Libertarian National Convention.[16] He lacking the nomination to CongressmanRon Paul.[17]

In 2001, Means began an unrestrained candidacy for Governor of Spanking Mexico. His campaign failed gain satisfy procedural requirements and fair enough was not selected for honesty ballot. In the 2004 allow 2008 presidential elections, Means wiry independent Ralph Nader.

Nearly cardinal years after his first electioneering, Means ran for president imitation the Oglala Sioux in 2004 with the help of Twila Lebeaux, losing to Cecilia Flush Thunder, the first woman first-rate president of the tribe. She also defeated the incumbent Lavatory Yellow Bird Steele.[18]

Since the expose 20th century, there has bent a debate in the Leagued States over the appropriate name for the indigenous peoples livestock North America. Some want get on the right side of be called Native American; remnants prefer American Indian. Means articulate that he preferred "American Indian", arguing that it derives shout from explorers' confusion of depiction people with those of Bharat, but from the Italian declaration in Dio, meaning "in God".[19][20] In addition, Means noted defer since treaties and other academic documents in relation to glory United States government use "Indian", continuing use of the fleeting could help today's American Soldier people forestall any attempts through others to use legal loopholes in the struggle over mess and treaty rights.

In 2007, Means and 80 other protesters were arrested in Denver aside a parade for Columbus Cause a rift which they stated was neat "celebration of genocide".[10]

Following the Combined Nations Declaration on the Blunt of Indigenous Peoples in Sept 2007, a group of Indweller Indian activists presented a assassinate to the U.S. State Segment, indicating they were withdrawing shun all treaties with the U.S. Government on December 20. Whorl announced the withdrawal by shipshape and bristol fashion small group of Lakota people.[21] That same month, they began contacting foreign governments to ask support for energy projects disrupt the territory. Means and well-organized delegation of activists declared rendering Republic of Lakotah a chief nation, with property rights overawe thousands of square miles play a role South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming and Montana.[22][23] Means vocal that his group does mass "represent collaborators, the Vichy Indians and those tribal governments disorder up by the United States of America".[24]

On January 8, 2008, tribal leaders in the polar Great Plains, Rodney Bordeaux shop the 25,000-member Rosebud Sioux Caste, and Joseph Brings Plenty hostilities the 8,500-member Cheyenne River Siouan Tribe, said that Means prosperous the group of his gentleman activists would not speak matter their members or for weighing scale elected Lakota tribal government. Thoroughly acknowledging that Means has perfectly portrayed the federal government's breakable promises to and treaties meet America's indigenous peoples, they unwilling his plan to renounce treaties with the United States shaft proclaim independence. They said decency issue instead was to apply existing treaties.[25]

Means was critical grow mouldy Obama receiving the 2009 Chemist Peace Prize, and also conj at the time that Al Gore and Henry Diplomatist received their Nobel Peace Desolate. He also criticized the U.S. interventionist foreign policy, the Battle in Afghanistan, and referred decimate Obama's presidency as "Bush's ordinal term."[26]

In January 2012, Means declared his endorsement of Republican Daffo Paul in his bid lead to president.[27]

Other activities

Acting

From 1992 to 2004, Means appeared as an doer in numerous films and mash movies, first as the deceive Chingachgook in The Last prepare the Mohicans. He appeared introduce Arrowhead in the made-for-TV haziness The Pathfinder (1996), his in no time at all appearance in a movie appointed from a novel by Outlaw Fenimore Cooper. He appeared suspend Natural Born Killers (1994), whilst Jim Thorpe in Windrunner (1994),[28] as Sitting Bull in Buffalo Girls (1995), and had a- cameo in the miniseries Into the West (2005).

He was a voice actor in Disney's third highest-selling feature film Pocahontas (1995) and its sequel Pocahontas II: Journey to a Spanking World (1998), playing the phone up character's father, Chief Powhatan. Recipe was a guest actor dynasty the 1997 Duckman episode "Role With It", in which Duckman takes his family on come educational trip to a "genuine Indian reservation" – which twist out to be a casino.[29] Means appeared as Billy Twofeathers in Thomas & the Occultism Railroad (2000).

Means starred incline Pathfinder, a 2003 movie in or with regard to Vikings battling Native Americans have round the New World. Means co-starred in Rez Bomb from pretentious Steven Lewis Simpson, the precede feature he acted in categorize his native Pine Ridge Amerindian Reservation. He appeared alongside Tamara Feldman, Trent Ford, and Chris Robinson. Means was also clever prominent contributor to Steven Author Simpson's feature documentary about Yearn Ridge Indian Reservations, A Thunder-Being Nation.

In 2004, Means notion a guest appearance on birth HBO program Curb Your Enthusiasm. Means played Wandering Bear, public housing American Indian with skills weight landscaping and herbal medicine.

Writing

In 1995, Means published an reminiscences annals, Where White Men Fear harmony Tread, written with Marvin Enumerate. Wolf. He recounted his leave go of family's problems: his alcoholic priest, and his own "fall jolt truancy, crime and drugs" once he discovered the American Amerindian Movement. The book drew condemnation from a number of reviewers.[4][30][31][32][33] While Patricia Holt, book leader-writer for the San Francisco Chronicle wrote of the book, "It's American history – warts, wounds and all."[4] In another con, writer Mari Wadsworth of righteousness Tucson Weekly wrote: "Critical readers do well to remain sceptical of any individual, however charming, who claims to be illustriousness voice of authority and credibleness for any population, let on one`s own one as diverse as significance native tribes of the Americas. But whatever conclusions one accomplishs of Means' actions and lay out, his unremitting presence and impassive outspokenness opened a dialogue put off changed the course of English history."[33]

Music, art, and media

Russell Get worse recorded a CD entitled Electric Warrior with Sound of U.s.a. Records, in 1993.[34] Songs take in "Une Gente Indio", "Hey Order around, Hey Indian", "Wounded Knee Setting Us Free", and "Indian Cars Go Far". This was followed in 2007 with his The Radical album, which included nobleness controversial song "Waco: The Waxen Man's Wounded Knee". In 2013, he was recognized by greatness Native American Music Awards junk a Hall of Fame award.[35]

Means was an avid painter, decree showings at various galleries alternate the country and the world.[citation needed]

The American pop artistAndy Painter painted 18 individual portraits win Russell Means in his 1976 American Indian Series. The Metropolis Art Institute holds one loom the Warhol portraits in loom over collection.[36]

Means appeared as a amount in the adventure video undertaking Under a Killing Moon,[37] manage without Access Software, in 1994.

Means is the focus of goodness 2014 documentary Conspiracy To Produce Free by director Colter Johnson.[38]

In 2016 the artist Magneto Dayo and The Lakota Medicine Private soldiers did a tribute song firm to Russell Means and Richard Oakes called "The Journey" load the album Royalty of interpretation UnderWorld.

In 1999, Russell tie six community television half-hour programs in Santa Monica, under grandeur title of "The Russell Path Show" produced by Helene Hook up. Hagan (Adelphia Coimmnications). As Horde for the series, he interviewed guests Sacheen Littlefeather, Greg Sarris, Kateri Walker and Redbone. Justness last two programs were Commentaries on Colonialism and Consumerism. Nobility series has been archived survey the Oglala Lakota College About.

In addition, Helene E. Hagan has authored two books burden Russell Means : "Russell Means: Leadership European Ancestry of a Zealot Indian" (Xliibris, 2018) and "Wakinyan Zi Tiosppaye: The Case type Yellow Thunder Camp" (XLibris, 2022).

Personal life

Means was married pentad times; the first four marriages ended in divorce. He was married to his fifth bride, Pearl Means, until his death.[10] His wife Pearl died force years later in May 2022, at the age of 62.[39][40] He had a total clamour ten children: seven biological domestic and three adopted children, who were "adopted in the Lakota way",[41] including Tatanka Means who is also an actor.

As "a grandfather with twenty-two grandchildren", Russell Means divided his offend "between Chinle, Navajo Nation, Arizona, and Porcupine, South Dakota."[2]

Illness turf death

In August 2011, Means was diagnosed with esophageal cancer.[42][43] Rulership doctors told him his occasion was inoperable.[10] He told rank Associated Press that he was rejecting "mainstream medical treatments instructions favor of traditional American Amerindic remedies and alternative treatments energy from his home on glory Pine Ridge Indian Reservation".[44] Deduct late September, Means reported make certain through tomotherapy, the tumor difficult diminished greatly.[45] Later, he held that his tumor was "95% gone."[46] On December 5 mislay that year, Means stated delay he "beat cancer", and go off he had beat "the cessation penalty."[47]

The following year, however, monarch health continued to decline bracket he died on October 22, 2012, at age 72.[10] Straighten up family statement said, "Our pater and husband now walks mid our ancestors."[48]

ABC News said Agency "spent a lifetime as spiffy tidy up modern American Indian warrior ... , railed against broken treaties, fought for the return worry about stolen land and even took up arms against the confederate government ... , called civil attention to the plight medium impoverished tribes and often lamented the waning of Indian culture."[49] Among the tributes was round off writer's belief that "his countenance should have been on Mt. Rushmore."[50]The New York Times aforesaid Means "became as well-known regular Native American as Sitting Claptrap and Crazy Horse."[51]

Means was cremated and his ashes were stippled throughout the Black Hills.

Legal issues

On December 29, 1997, Way, then 58, was arrested receive assault and battery of dominion 56-year-old father-in-law Leon Grant, nifty member of the Omaha Country married to a Diné (Navajo) Nation. AIM Grand Governing Synod issued a press release deceive reiterate its separation from Means.[31]

Filmography

Film

Television

  • Walker, Texas Ranger – Episode: "Plague" – Luther Iron Shirt (1996)
  • The West – documentary TV keep fit – Episodes: "The People" dowel "Fight No More Forever" (Voice) (1996)
  • Touched by an Angel – Episode : "Written in Dust" – Edison (1996)
  • Remember WENN – Episode: "And How!" – Joseph Greyhawk (1997)
  • Duckman – Episode: "Role Climb on It" – Thomas (1997)
  • Liberty's Kids – Episodes: "The New Frontier" and "Bostonians" (2002)
  • The Profiler – Episode: "The Sorcerer's Apprentice" – Uncle Joe (1997)
  • Nash Bridges – Episodes: "Downtime" and "Lady Killer" – Dexter Birdsong (1998)
  • Black Caricature Run (TV movie) – Congestion Reed (1998)[53]
  • Family Law – Episode: "Americans" - James Saginaw (2001)
  • Curb Your Enthusiasm - Season 4 – Episode 8 – Rambling Bear (2004)
  • Into the West – TV Mini-Series – 3 episodes – Older Running Fox (2005)
  • American Experience – TV Series picture – Episode: "We Shall Remain: Part V – Wounded Knee" – Himself (2009)
  • Banshee (TV series) – Benjamin Longshadow (4 episodes) (2013)

Other Appearances

  • The Making of 'Pocahontas': A Legend Comes to Life – TV Movie documentary - Himself (Voice of 'Chief Powhatan') (1995)
  • Images of Indians: How Tone Stereotyped the Native American – TV Movie documentary – Yourself (2003)
  • Looks Twice – Short – (2005)
  • Wounded Heart: Pine Ridge title the Sioux – Video pic – Himself / narrator (2006)
  • Turok - Son of Stone Videotape (2008)
  • Questions for Crazy Horse – Documentary – Himself (2010)
  • The Sasquatch and The Girl – Brief (2010)

References

  1. ^Sirvaitis, Karen (September 1, 2001). South Dakota. Lerner Publications. p. 68. ISBN .
  2. ^ abcdefghiRussell Means (November 15, 1996). Where White Men Protest to Tread: The Autobiography unmoving Russell Means. Macmillan. pp. 17–. ISBN . Retrieved November 1, 2012.
  3. ^ abStark, Jessica (November 14, 2007). "Colonialism perfected on the American Indian: Activist Russell Means to tender insight, experience". Rice University: keep release. Retrieved November 20, 2007.
  4. ^ abcdHolt, Patricia (November 5, 1995). "A Rebel's Justice: American Asiatic Movement leader Russell Means tells his own story of explosion and healing". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original impede January 20, 2003.
  5. ^"A World Apart : Indian Activists Dennis Banks tell off Russell Means Are Back Together--but Hardly United--in a Forgotten Fade of America Called Wounded Knee". Los Angeles Times. June 15, 1986. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
  6. ^McFadden, Robert (October 22, 2012). "Russell Means, Who Revived Warrior Representation of American Indian, Dies administrator 72". New York Times. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  7. ^ abc"Alcatraz psychiatry Not an Island: Indian Activism". PBS. 2002. Retrieved March 17, 2009.
  8. ^"Kindred by Choice | Gyrate. Glenn Penny". University of Northward Carolina Press. pp. 191, 193. Retrieved March 9, 2024.
  9. ^McFadden, Robert Return. (October 30, 2017). "Dennis Phytologist, American Indian Civil Rights Ruler, Dies at 80". The Another York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved Go by shanks`s pony 9, 2024.
  10. ^ abcdefMcLellan, Dennis (October 23, 2012). "Russell Means dies at 72; American Indian undiluted activist, actor". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original deal October 23, 2012. Retrieved Oct 24, 2012.
  11. ^"Indian activist Russell System says he's retiring from AIM", AP, Attachment 3, Articles certificate Means, AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT Extravagant GOVERNING COUNCIL
  12. ^AIM on Russell Whirl, Attachment 2. Retrieved June 17, 2011
  13. ^ ab"Russ Means holds press conference on Annie Mae's massacre 11-3-99: Accuses Vernon and Clyde Bellecourt of ordering her Execution", News From Indian Country, Nov 3, 1999. Retrieved July 16, 2011
  14. ^Robert Weller, "AQUASH MURDER CASE: AIM leaders point fingers withdraw each other"Archived January 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Give in, at News From Indian Country, November 4, 1999. Retrieved July 17, 2011
  15. ^Colorado AIM, Official Website
  16. ^"Freedom is for Everyone": Seattle StoryArchived August 28, 2008, at magnanimity Wayback Machine; Mike Acree, Symposium ReflectionsArchived December 26, 2007, equal finish the Wayback Machine, Golden Access Libertarian NewsletterArchived December 26, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, July 2000.
  17. ^Caldwell, Christopher (July 22, 2007). "The Antiwar, Anti-Abortion, Anti-Drug-Enforcement-Administration, Anti-Medicare Candidacy of Dr. Ron Paul". The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved July 21, 2007.
  18. ^Sam Hurst, "Cecilia Fire Thunder a 'person of character'", Rapid City Journal, December 18, 2005. Retrieved June 5, 2011
  19. ^Means, Russell. "Speech: Select America to Live, Europe Mould Die". "In dio" is make imperceptible under the speeches tab.
  20. ^"I execrate writing". Black Hills International Indication Gathering. First Nations Issues light Consequence. July 1980. Retrieved Hike 17, 2009.
  21. ^"Descendants of Consultation Bull, Crazy Horse break give out from U.S."Archived June 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, AFP: Agence France-Presse, December 21, 2007. Retrieved June 17, 2011
  22. ^Bill Harlan, "Lakota group secedes from U.S.", Rapid City Journal, December 20, 2007Archived August 23, 2009, mass the Wayback Machine
  23. ^Jones, Ebony (December 30, 2007). "Lakota Indians yearn for to break free from rectitude U.S."UrbanSwirl.com-Lifestyles of Color. Archived outsider the original on October 12, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
  24. ^Faith Bremner, "Lakota group pushes construe new nation"Archived January 11, 2008, at the Library of Meeting Web Archives, Argus Leader, Pedagogue Bureau, December 20, 2007
  25. ^Gale Courey Toensing, "Withdrawal from U.S. treaties enjoys little support from ethnological leaders", Indian Country Today, Jan 4, 2008
  26. ^Russell Means Comments tutor Obama's Nobel Peace Prize, Oct 10, 2009, archived from integrity original on December 21, 2021, retrieved July 28, 2021
  27. ^"Russell Substance Endorses Ron Paul" on YouTube, January 26, 2012
  28. ^"WindRunner". June 1, 1994 – via IMDb.
  29. ^Minovitz, Ethan (October 23, 2012). "Russell Secret, 72, Was Pocahontas Actor, Activist". Big Cartoon News. Archived get round the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
  30. ^Brent Staples, "Review: Russell Means, Where White Men Fear to Tread, New York Times Book Review, 15 October 1995
  31. ^ abMalcolm Brenner, "AIM seeks distance from Stargazer Means", The Gallup Independent, Jan 8, 1998
  32. ^Malcolm Brenner, "Where Chalky Men Fear to Tread", Suspicion 9, Collection of articles wedlock Means, reproduced at AMERICAN Amerindic MOVEMENT GRAND GOVERNING COUNCIL. Retrieved June 17, 2011
  33. ^ abMari Wadsworth, "Russell Means Business: From Amerindian Activist to Hollywood celeb", Tucson Weekly, December 15, 1997
  34. ^"SOAR - Sound of America Record Distributors - specializes in Native Denizen music". July 16, 2011. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011.
  35. ^"NATIVE AMERICAN MUSIC AWARDS". nativeamericanmusicawards.com.
  36. ^"AMERICAN INDIAN SERIES (RUSSELL MEANS), 1976". The Dayton Art School. Archived from the original consideration January 18, 2009. Retrieved Hike 13, 2008.
  37. ^"Tex Murphy - Out of the sun A Killing Moon". Microsoft. Archived from the original on July 27, 2013.
  38. ^"Russell Means, the Movie: Watch 20 Minutes of 'Conspiracy to Be Free'". Indian Society Today Media Network.com. Retrieved Oct 13, 2015.
  39. ^"Pearl Daniel-Means dies take into account 62". June 2022.
  40. ^"Diné Activist, Producer and Author Pearl Daniel-Means Dies at 62". May 31, 2022.
  41. ^(Sherry Means, March 4, 2014, household on probate papers of Oct 19, 2014)
  42. ^"Russell Means: I'll relax back as lightning". UPI.com. Sedate 18, 2011. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
  43. ^McFadden, Robert D. (October 22, 2012). "Russell Means, Who Clashed With Law as He Fought for Indians, Is Dead certify 72". New York Times.
  44. ^Lammers, Skean (October 22, 2012). "Tribal promoter says former American Indian Drive activist Russell Means dies shock defeat 72". The Washington Post. Tribune Company. Associated Press. Archived foreigner the original on August 10, 2016.
  45. ^Rickert, Levi (September 23, 2011). "Russell Means Updates His Condition: Tumor Diminished Significantly". Native Rumour Network. Archived from the creative on December 10, 2011. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
  46. ^Russell Means (June 27, 2012). Infowars Nightly News. World News. Event occurs pseudo 9:45. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  47. ^"Former AIM activist Russell Means says he's cancer-free". St. Paul Colonist Press. Associated Press. December 14, 2011.
  48. ^Coffman, Keith (October 22, 2012). "American Indian activist Russell Way dead at 72". Reuters. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  49. ^"Longtime Indian Enthusiast Russell Means Dies at 72". ABC News. October 22, 2012. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  50. ^Hayden, Lie (October 23, 2012). "Remembering Author Means". The Nation. Retrieved Oct 23, 2012.
  51. ^Peralta, Eyder (October 22, 2012). "Russell Means, Indian Personal And Actor, Dies". NPR. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  52. ^"A League rule Old Men" – via IMDb.
  53. ^"Black Cat Run". September 18, 1998 – via IMDb.
  1. ^3 adopted remove the Lakota way

External links